Job Description and Recruiting Strategies Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Expected set of responsibilities and Recruiting Strategies Worksheet Essay Direct a meeting with somebody who has a profession or occupation position that is not the same as your own. Distinguish the obligations related with their situation, just as any aptitudes and capacities important for the position. Utilize the data assembled in the meeting, just as the Week 3 readings, to finish the accompanying worksheet. Answer each question in passage position. Employment ANALYSIS 1. What are the obligations and occupation duties related with the position held by the individual you met? The duties regarding a Project Manager: Embrace the executives obligations regarding a few or all parts of the plan and development of new development or repair ventures Obtain every single essential privilege Plans and details. Following, and appropriation. Plan check and allows. Following timetables, and pulling grants Plan survey and offering Office groundwork for the beginning of development Place of work groundwork for the beginning of development Subcontracting. Plan agreements, changes and increases to authoritative concurrences with experts, providers, and subcontractors. Development spending plans and courses of events Get ready and submit spending appraisals, progress, and cost following reports. Actualize quality control programs Take activities to manage the aftereffects of postponements, terrible climate, or crises at building site. Place of work deactivation. Last spending compromise and close out with bookkeeping. After activity arrangements. Coordination with Property Management, either GLB or building proprietor. 2. What are the sorts of information, aptitudes, and capacities that are expected to effectively achieve the activity duties? 1. Bachelor’s qualification in Architecture, Engineering, Construction Management, or related field; 2. Proficient permit/enlistment/affirmation liked; 3. Building and Construction information on materials, strategies, and the instruments engaged with the development of a structure or different structures 4. Involvement with arranging and composing contracts for structure experts and temporary workers 5. Shown information on pertinent laws and guidelines overseeing natural and development allowing; and 6. Exhibited information on OSHPD (in California) strategies and necessities for assignments to ventures under OSHPD locale. 7. Extraordinary composed and verbal correspondences aptitudes including the capacity to build up objectives, set clear desires, organize exercises, and finish to extend culmination. 8. Solid consideration regarding detail.â 9. Capacity to gauge business and specialized prerequisites to create venture plans and gauges. 10. Solid association, time the boar d, and performing various tasks abilities. 11. Solid comprehension of all parts of corporate programming advancement; solid customer, server, database, and revealing abilities. 3. Does the position require any physical assignments? Assuming this is the case, depict the physical errands and express their recurrence. Is there any extra data about the activity that would be helpful to remember for the set of working responsibilities? The general idea of the position is deskbound in nature requiring minimal physical exertion and incidental light physical effort. There is intermittent introduction to natural conditions, for example, heat, cold, temperature changes, modern clamor, and development perils generally joined by business travel and visits to building locales. The steady physical requests of the position are talking and hearing. The successive physical requests of the position are sitting, standing and strolling. The intermittent physical requests of the position are conveying, pushing, pulling, taking care of, redundant movements, and eye/hand/foot coordination Set of working responsibilities Form a 350-to 500-word expected set of responsibilities dependent on the information procured in your meeting. The Project Manager position will be liable for driving the plan assemble group during the time spent structure, allowing and development of all development ventures doled out as your duty. This position will be liable for arranging, coordinating, organizing, as well as planning exercises worried about the development of offices. This position will likewise take an interest in the calculated improvement of a development extend and administer its association, planning, qualification and execution. This position requires key and expository deduction abilities just as meticulousness. Selecting Strategies 1. What are three enlisting systems that could be utilized to enlist for this activity position? a. Interior through advancement or move b. Web c. News paper 2. In 350-to 500-words, look into the enlisting techniques you have picked. Which selecting technique would you use to enroll for this position? Why? Acquiring and holding top notch representatives is basic to an organization’s achievement. As the work showcase turns out to be progressively serious and the accessible abilities develop increasingly differing, organizations should be increasingly particular in their enlisting decisions. I chose three choices to look into: Interior selecting: This enlisting procedure can be good as the representative will have history of the association and the preparation can be insignificant. It additionally assembles confidence inside the association as you are giving workers the open door for vocation development. Selecting inside can likewise be less exorbitant than going outside to enroll. The defeat for enrolling inside is that is doesn't generally deliver the number or quality ofâ personnel required. It can likewise be negative since you are not accepting new outside thoughts. Another defeat is that you may cause competitions between representatives. Outer sources, for example, the web and paper will give more prominent presentation. Promoting in broad daylight sources gives the chance to increasingly qualified individuals to go after the job. The defeat is that it very well may be increasingly costly to publicize. For the undertaking administrator position, I would promote the situation in outside sources, for example, the web. Since it is such a significant job and has such a significant number of duties, you need to get as much introduction to guarantee a certified person.

The value of biotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The estimation of biotechnology - Essay Example It has affected on all the realms from microorganism to people. The accompanying outline shows the more extensive viewpoint of biotechnology and how it has affected our general public. The introduction of hereditarily built sheep Dolly was an extraordinary accomplishment in cloning biotechnology; yet prompted contention in human conceptive cloning. The dependable and safe human cloning is getting well known in American young people who need to embrace another method of multiplication. Ethicists, ministers, moralists, lawmakers, savants, researchers denounced it on differing foundations thinking about it as hostile, untrustworthy, risky and profoundly perilous according to future perspective (Kevles, 2002). A law for the forbiddance of utilization of human cloning is instituted in 24 nations including United Kingdom. Planned impregnation and in vitro treatment methods offering ascend to human incipient organisms were likewise at first opposed, however when solid test tube was conveyed to a barren mother, the restriction from the investigates fallen. Very much contemplated confirms as far as such impacts and positive sensible clinical results helped this novel innova tion. It has been accounted for that overall more than 5, 00, 000 unnaturally conceived children are made and 90% of them are sans infection (Kevles, 2002). Ladies with hereditary or chromosomal confusion who are defenseless and are at high hazard for bearing youngsters are enormously profited by the idea of proxy parenthood. At first, conveying another woman’s hatchling was additionally censured on ethical quality and abuse foundation (Kevles, 2002). Whenever made medicinally safe novel innovation ought not be reproved and ought to be abused for human needs with their assents. Human cloning would be an aid to gaymen, lesbians, fruitless couples, couples who have lost kids or family members (Kevles, 2002). The infants created by cloning strategy would be unequivocally affected by hereditarily decided components like generally speaking development, changes in extent of body and cerebrum

Religion in Brazil Essay Example

Religion in Brazil Essay Example Religion in Brazil Essay Religion in Brazil Essay Brazil, orâ officially the Federative Republic of Brazil is the biggest nation in both South Americaâ and the Latin Americaâ region. It is the universes fifth biggest nation, both bygeographical areaâ andâ by populace more than 190 million individuals  It is the largest Lusophone, or portugese-speaking,â country on the planet, and the just one in the Americas. Religion assumes a significant job in the lives of the greater part of the individuals in this biggest South American district. Here are some intriguing Brazil realities: Around 90% of this populace relates to a type of religion,  making it more strictly slanted than some other South American nation. Just around 1% of its populace don't have faith in a God, or an incomparable being in some structure or another. The Brazilian Constitution of 1889 pronounced that there was noâ officialâ religion in Brazil, so everybody was allowed to accept as they enjoyed. That’s why, much the same as the USA, Brazil can rehearse opportunity of religion as indicated by the most up to date constitution that was embraced in 1988. Brazil’s strict make-up can be followed to the assorted gatherings of individuals who came in different structures †locals, trespassers, settlers, and slaves. As far as Christian religions, the principle houses of worship in Brazil are: Catholic Protestant Methodist Episcopal Pentecostal Lutheran Baptist Its strict tendency is likewise very differing, in spite of the way that around seventy five percent of the populace guarantee to be Roman Catholics. Indeed, there are a larger number of Catholics in Brazil than in some other nation on the planet. The P ortuguese carried with them, not simply the language (thisâ medical tourismâ hub is the only country inSouth Americaâ not commanded by Spanish), yet in addition Roman Catholicism. Catholicism was acquainted with Brazil when the European pilgrims showed up with the point of ‘civilising’ the nearby local individuals. They manufactured temples and carried strict pioneers into the nation to show youthful and old the same the teachings of Catholicism. During the nineteenth century, Catholicism was made the official religion of Brazil. This implied Catholic ministers were paid a pay by the administration, remembering them for the political undertakings of the nation. Thusly, Catholicism turned into a vital piece of the administration and organization of Brazil and its kin. Huge numbers of the Brazilian celebrations depend on the Catholic religion. Protestantism is the second biggest branch in Brazil religion. The individuals who are Christian yet not Catholic are viewed as Protestant. Just about 15% of Brazilians guarantee to follow a Protestant confidence or the like. There are numerous parts of Christianity in Brazil. Among them the most well known are Baptist, Methodist, Neo-Pentecostalists, Old Pentecostalists, Presbyterian, Anglican and Episcopal Churches. Other Protestant convictions and branches that make up littler bits of Christians are Kardecist, Lutherans. The biggest populace of Protestants are found in North, Central-West and Southeast Brazil. The Church Of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saintsâ is the third biggest Brazil religion. They brag an enrollment of more than one million one hundred thousand with just about 2,000 assemblages and 309 family ancestry focuses. Five sanctuaries are extended across Brazil. Jehovahs Witnessesâ is the fourth biggest religion in Brazil. They have more than 700,000 individuals. Eastern Orthodoxâ makes up the fifth biggest religion in the nation with more than 500,000 individuals that came over with their Armenian, Greek, Lebanese, Russian, Syrian and Ukrainian workers in the previous one hundred years. At the point when the Portuguese arrived in Brazil, theâ countryâ was populated by native Indians who had their own conventional strict practices. In the areas only north of Bahia, indigenous clans despite everything practice the Catimbo religion; a group that is vigorously impacted by spirits, shamanism, and signs. At the point when African slaves started to be brought into Brazil, they carried with them their strict practices, a considerable lot of which included conjuring the divine beings through serenades or moves. After some time, these Afro Brazilian strict practices started blending with Catholic and Protestant impacts to make engineered religions. A portion of the more popular exponents include Candomble, which has an enormous following in urban focuses like Rio de Janeiro, and Umbanda. Spiritism is additionally one of the critical, albeit minor, religions in Brazil. Spiritistic rehearses depend to a great extent on antiquated Amerindian societies just as the impact of the African societies and customs that were presented hundreds of years prior, when slaves were brought over to Brazil from the ‘Dark Continent’ of Africa. Such clans and societies were especially disposed towards the love of spirits since they had not been impacted by progressively organized ideas of creation, which hailed from a dependence on the lessons of Bible. The religions or conviction frameworks found in Brazil other than the ones above include: * Muslims * Methodists * Episcopalians * Buddhists * Ayahuasca * Afro-Brazilian religions Xango, Batuque, Umbanda, Tambor de Mina * Hinduism * Islamists * Shinto devotees * Judaists * Rastafarian * Brazil Religion Makes the Country Unique Every piece of the nation has been exceptionally formed by the religion rehearsed there. Festivities, celebrations, conventions, and customs are totally drilled because of some strict or profound beginnings and purposes. For instance, During the Holy Week before Easter, a few Brazilian urban communities will observe Corpus Christi by imaginatively making mosaics or covers on the avenues utilizing mediums like flour, bloom petals, shavings of wood, and espresso beans. The outcomes are shocking and a critical method to commend this heavenly season. The music, moving, reciting, singing, or different exercises all originate from some confidence and make the individuals what their identity is. The whole culture of the Brazilian individuals is interlaced with religion or confidence here and there. No big surprise theyre such a stunning, various, and superb individuals!

American Neo Conservatism and the World Order Essay

American Neo Conservatism and the World Order - Essay Example American Neo Conservatism and the World Order Sponsored by an American atomic weapons store and war machine, Bush hurled the words opportunity and vote based system about, making them sound like modest and good for nothing words. Exploiting the way that Americans were occupied with the consequence of September 11, Bush tended to the world saying, Since America's rise as a politically influential nation around a century back, we have made numerous blunders, however we have been the best power for good among the countries of the earth. A reduction of American force or impact bodes sick for our nation, our companions, and our standards. Later, the inquiry would be posed to whether the fear based oppressors behind the occasions of September 11 had stirred a resting giant,1 or whether the mammoth had in actuality been standing ready trusting that his prompt will come in front of an audience. At the point when George Bush made his declaration to Americans that they would react to the occasions of 9/11 with an equipped ambush against the Taliban and Al Qaeda in Afghanistan, he didn't impart to his kindred Americans that as of now talk had been going on in the White House of an arrangement to attack Iraq. In November, 2001, . . . Shrub asked his barrier secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, to amend the U.S. war plan for Iraq and freely required the arrival of UN arms examiners to the country.† While a reaction of moving militarily against Afghanistan as the edge of activities for the fear mongers who had assaulted the United States on September 11, 2001 went unchallenged by most Americans.; neo moderate plans of pre-emptive guard strategies against Iraq left numerous Americans scratching their heads in examination of the talk coming out of the White House. It was the thought of a pre-emptive strike against an apparent danger to America that caused many, among them Democrats, w ho had recently bolstered the organization in its reaction to the 9/11 fear mongers in Afghanistan to now bounce off the fleeting trend and put enough separation among themselves and the Bush organization in order to recover point of view of what activities were going on that were plainly being driven the neo preservationists who picked up energy following the occasions of 9/11. Among the individuals who endeavored to remove themselves from the Bush organization during the discussion of pre-emptive attack of Iraq period, were world pioneers, some of whom appeared to be shocked by Bush's pre-emptive talk. Our nearest partners have stood in opposition to an intrusion of Iraq. Gerhard Schroder, driving a normally agreeable Germany however secured an extreme re-appointment battle, has ventured to such an extreme as to mark this chance an 'undertaking,' starting a dissent from our minister (Galston 2002, 1). Bush organization authorities were blamed for overlooking and ignoring the considerations of those world chiefs with whom the United States had close ties (1). The possibility of a drawn out military commitment in the Middle East offered ascend to worries that America was setting out on one more lamentable course of military occupation and struggle, similarly as they had during the Viet Nam period; inciting remark from previous secretary of state, Henry Kissi nger (1). Kissinger said something saying, System change as an objective for military intercession challenges the

Emotional Marketing Necessity of Today’s Marketing Management Free Essays

The motivation behind this paper is to compose an investigation of an article that examines a part of advertising the board. During my examination I was pulled in to an article by James Cooper Titled, ‘Emotional Marketing as the Basis of Your Promotions’; subsequent to perusing Coopers article I saw Emotional Marketing as intriguing, however his article didn't give enough information to fulfill my enthusiasm for Emotional Marketing . Along these lines, as opposed to expound on a solitary article, I have decided to expound on the subject of Emotional Marketing and its need in today’s Marketing Management. We will compose a custom exposition test on Enthusiastic Marketing: Necessity of Today’s Marketing Management or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Advertising troughs must get that if the consumers’ feelings are tended to in the correct manner they could get progressively steadfast clients. This has unlashed the way to deal with promoting which was named as â€Å"Emotional Marketing† (Drypen). Cooper brings up that, â€Å"Marketing to today’s buyers is a difficult business since you are done posting the details of items and administrations. Rather you are meeting individuals on an enthusiastic level to break into their buyer awareness†. As a feature of a company’s promoting procedure makers need to understand that there is a forceful passionate associate between buyers/clients and the items they use. Brands that don’t make enthusiastic associations with their possibilities and clients will in the long run miss out to those that do. The act of enthusiastic advertising as it identifies with offer is tied in with getting your intended interest group to associate with your item, administration, and brand at an extremely essential and key level †the degree of feelings. When building client esteem, passionate advertising can be utilized in impacting client saw worth and all out client advantage. A few instances of firms that are effective in this application can be seen with top brands, for example, Starbucks, Porsche, etc. These items and administrations make an enthusiastic association with the individuals they serve. They have met the test of distinguishing how its items/administrations can interface inwardly. They have investigated what sort of experience their item can offer its clients and the apparent incentive to client over the firm’s contenders. Enthusiastic advertising can just happen once the organization conveys a client experience that speaks to its motivation. When the organization can convey on that guarantee, it can advertise the experience to buyer possibilities. Organizations must use: client tributes, informal, conversation gatherings, and preliminaries (marketingscoop). In a perfect world the organization needs its items or administrations to convey an encounter, and gets possibilities to take an interest alongside having the experience themselves. Enthusiastic advertising is an incredible procedure in the event that you can convey a solid client experience, along these lines, utilizing the experience to augment consumer loyalty over the long haul. Then again, there are the organizations that utilization passionate advertising when clients are having a not all that positive client experience. These organizations exploit during times of emergency and disturbance. A case of this is engaging the general population during a plague or cataclysmic event and offering momentary arrangements. Ordinarily the items or administrations offered are not in any case viable, nor do they give the experience the client wants. Moreover, the customers’ negative experience is only the open door that a few organizations are searching for to exploit short run benefit expansion. Utilizing enthusiastic showcasing can help in assessing and choosing market portions to abuse. On the off chance that and when the showcasing/advancement offers to the enthusiastic parts of clients the organizations, now and again, can advance toward focusing on a ‘supersegment’. For instance, numerous ensemble symphonies target individuals who have wide social interests, as opposed to the individuals who just normally go to shows (Kotler Keller pg 229). The item claim is more toward a social or feeling interest as opposed to that of a physiological need. Feeling goes about as an impetus in the motor of the buy choice procedure. Through experience and learning, individuals procure perspectives. These thusly impact purchasing conduct (Kotler Keller, pg 170). This is significant since ideal and horrible encounters trigger passionate inclination toward an item or administration being advertised. Cooper’s article, â€Å"Emotional Marketing as the Basis of Your Promotions† just addressed advancement of the item as it offers to enthusiastic showcasing. After further research I found that enthusiastic advertising all through the promoting procedure is significant in its application to: showcasing system, client esteem, target markets, brands, showcase fragment, consumer loyalty and buying choices. Taking everything into account, showcasing directors must comprehend that costumers get pulled in to items which impact there sentiments. Organizations which need to remain over the opposition need to use passionate advertising in order to expand piece of the overall industry. Compelling improvement in passionate advertising can move a promoting challenger or market devotee to position of market pioneer. Subsequently, making enthusiastic showcasing a need of today’s advertising the executives. References Cooper, J. , (Feb. 2008) Emotional Marketing As The Basis Of Your Promotions , Written for Marketinglinx. com, retrevied from the World Wide Web on 14 May 2009 at http://www. articlesbase. com/advertising articles/passionate showcasing as-the-premise of-your-advancements 325335. tml Kotler, P. , Keller, K. ,(2006), Marketing Management thirteenth release, Pearson Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Drypen, (Nov. 2008),Emotional Marketing †to Play the Emotional Tune is the Necessity of Today’s Marketing, composed for Drypen. com, retrevied from the World Wide Web on 14 May 2009 at http://www . articlesbase. com/creators/drypen/73887. htm Unknown, (2009), Making an Emotional Connection with Your Customers, composed for marketingscoop. com, retrevied from the World Wide Web on 14 May 2009 at http://www. marketingscoop. com/enthusiastic showcasing. htm Instructions to refer to Emotional Marketing: Necessity of Today’s Marketing Management, Essays

The Influence of Abuse and Trauma on Eating Disorders

The Influence of Abuse and Trauma on Eating Disorders Eating Disorders Print The Influence of Abuse and Trauma on Eating Disorders By Susan Cowden, MS facebook linkedin Susan Cowden is a licensed marriage and family therapist and a member of the Academy for Eating Disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Susan Cowden, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Abuse, trauma, and specifically childhood sexual abuse  are often proposed as major risk factors for the development of eating disorders, but what is the true connection? One study found that about 30% of eating disordered patients has been sexually abused in childhood.  These rates are higher among  those who suffer from bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder  as opposed to those with anorexia nervosa. However, it is important to keep in mind that correlation is not the same as causation. Abuse is a nonspecific risk factor, which means it can lead to a variety of psychiatric problems, including eating disorders but also anxiety,  depression, and substance abuse.   Additionally, it is important to keep in mind that there are certainly many people who experience abuse without developing an eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. The spectrum of traumatic experiences extends beyond sexual abuse and includes other forms of victimization, trauma, and neglect. Research indicates that certain forms of childhood sexual abuse are particularly detrimental to mental health, specifically attempted or completed intercourse, the use of threats or force, abuse by a relative, and a negative response by someone who is informed about the abuse. Childhood Abuse Raises Risk Abuse of any kind during childhood can be problematic, since children process information in a different way than adults. They are developing their sense of self and their core beliefs about how the world around them works. When someone is told over and over again that they are not loved or that they are a problem, eventually they begin to believe it and take it on as their identity. Survivors of abuse often develop a pattern of cutting themselves off from emotions, rather than learning how to deal with them appropriately. This can lead to acting out and impulsive behavior, or to completely shutting down. Survivors may engage in drug use or abuse, truancy, and/or sexual promiscuity. Similarly, eating, bingeing, and purging can be used as coping strategies to numb or escape painful emotions. In this way these behaviors are reinforced and become self-perpetuating. However, it is important not to discount traumas experienced during adulthood, as they can play a role in eating disorder symptoms as well. Trauma is Relatively More Common in Bulimic Eating Disorders   Research shows higher trauma rates among women who struggle with eating disorders that include bingeing and purging than eating disorders that do not. Research has shown that women who struggle with bulimia nervosa report higher rates of childhood sexual abuse than women who do not have bulimia nervosa. It has also been shown that people who have experienced childhood sexual abuse report higher rates of bulimic symptoms than those who do not have that experience. Women who have experienced both childhood sexual abuse and adult rape have extremely high levels of eating disorder symptoms. Emotional Abuse and Negative Beliefs It is thought that emotional abuse can result in negative beliefs about oneself, such as I am unlovable. It can also result in difficulty in expressing emotions â€"emotional expression in the past may have resulted in critical or negative responses, setting up this expectation. People who have experienced emotional abuse may struggle with emotions in a way that could lead to chaotic and impulsive behaviors, which are most often associated with bulimia nervosa. Or, they may become detached and restricted in their emotions, which is associated more with anorexia nervosa. Although these events are different than physical, sexual and emotional abuse, this research underscores the idea that adequate support is needed when difficult things happen in a persons life. Supportive family environments can reduce the risk of negative consequences for individuals that experience abuse. A supportive response that effectively stops the abuse can also protect against the development of future psychiatric problems.   Treatment Because of the correlation between abuse and eating disorders, there are many people with eating disorders who are also suffering from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD. The psychological pain that is often experienced after abuse includes nightmares, intrusive thoughts and emotional numbing. Treatment for someone who has an eating disorder and is also a survivor of abuse must take all of these issues into account. If a patient is malnourished and engaging in significant eating disorder behaviors, usually eating and weight must be normalized before embarking on trauma work.   The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Law Case Term Paper About Criminal Court Visit - 2200 Words

Law Case Term Paper About Criminal Court Visit (Term Paper Sample) Content: Criminal Court VisitName of StudentInstitution AffiliationIntroductionIn the current society, administration of justice is hard to come by. Our courts are marred by impunity which makes it hard for justices to be delivered. This project focuses on a court proceeding that I attended and my personal opinion on the administration of justice. My observations in the court proceeding and my opinion on the same are based on the common saying justices delayed is justice denied. However, I stand to be corrected. I also believe that everyone is entitled to his or her opinion. With this in mind, I wish to clarify that what I am writing is my opinion. It is only through the courts that we expect to get justice.I had an opportunity to attend a court proceeding. This was in the district court. There were around three cases whereby the judge gave the investigating authorities time to conduct their investigations. The last case really caught my attention. In the case, two suspects we re accused of robbery with violence and murder. In this case, one of the suspects was a taxi driver. The taxi driver claimed to have been hired by his friend to take the friend and his two collogues to a mission that they did not disclose to him. As a business man, he was attracted by the amount of money that he was offered to take them to a shopping mall. Little did he know that his friend and the colleagues were going for a mission. The mission was none other than to rob.The taxi driver was required to take the three guys to the shopping mall at exactly twelve noon. He performed his duty as a taxi driver. He dropped the three guys at the mall. Since it was lunch time, he decided to have lunch at a cafeteria next to the mall. He went to the cafeteria ordered for his lunch. As he was eating, he had gun shots from the shopping mall. Due to curiosity, he went to ascertain what was happening in the mall. As he stepped out, he could not believe what he saw. The passengers he had were ru nning out with each carrying a bag. From nowhere came a car at and the three jumped in and the car sped off.He could not believe what he had witnessed. Before he could plan his next course of action, policemen came and they arrested him. One of the robbers was also arrested and here they were in court. The case really moved me. I felt sorry for the taxi driver but no one else seemed to care. Someone was dead and all those in attendance wanted is justice. I could feel their anger in from where I was seated.The lawyer of the guy who was shot and succumbed to gunshots was given an opportunity to ask questions. I could not believe what I had. The questions were too harsh according to me bearing in mind that the guy was just a taxi driver. The questioned seemed to suggest that the taxi driver was only lying to save himself. It is like the other party believe that he was one of the gang members and he was unlucky. He could have escaped if he had an opportunity to do so. I had never attend ed a court proceeding before and I felt that this was too much for me to stomach. In my opinion, I felt that the taxi driver was being crucified for a thing he did not commit. I felt that the judge should intervene and at least help the poor guy out. None of that happened. The judge was adamant.The case went on. Witnesses were called and one lady gave her part of the ordeal in a manner that almost made me switch positions from thinking that the taxi driver was innocent. She alluded that prior to the robbery, the taxi passed by the mall in what may be termed as to observe what was taking place. Before the taxi stopped, she saw the driver exchange things with one of the passengers. This seemed to confuse me the more. She went on to say that it is like the driver of the taxi was left to watch out for the policemen as his collogues were busing robbing the mall.Then the lawyer of the two suspects was given an opportunity to question the witness. The process went on and it even becomes mo re complicated than I though. The lady was asked where she was and what she was doing and how she managed to only observe one taxi whereas there were several others. I did not clearly get her response. All this time the judge could only speak occasionally. She was writing something. Maybe the allegations or whatever that she only knows.I could see the family of the guy that was shot and I could tell that was very sad. I pictured myself in their situation and I could not imagine the way I would have felt. I knew that the ruling that was to be made could not bring the dead back to life. However, I also knew that justice could at least help them calm down. What I did not know is how that justice could be administered. It was certain that we were all waiting for the judge to give her verdict in the aforementioned case. I was unsure of what the judge was supposed to give a ruling.My knowledge on criminal cases is that the defendants do not have to prove their innocence but rather the att orney must prove that they are guilty. This can be done through the provision of evidence. Therefore, in this case, the attorney has a role of making sure that there is enough evidence to make the court prosecute the accused. This means that one party has an upper hand when it comes to the handling of such cases (Carp and Manning 2013). This means that the attorney has to ensure that someone is prosecuted.Being in court gave me a practical form of what I knew theoretically. In my view, a trial should take a different direction. Like in this case, it would have been better if all the parties were present in court so that each party gi...

Ethics and Technology - 1492 Words

Keith Vaughn CPSC110 Thomas 6/13/2013 Ethics and Technology The rapid advancement of technology greatly affects how we live. Literally speaking, we are now in the age where everything moves at our fingertips. From gadgets, to internet, agriculture and almost every aspect of our lives technology is confronting us affecting our decisions, affecting even the way how we interact with one another. The days when letters are delivered through postal mail are almost over; the day when communications will take many days to be completed is vanishing; now we are bringing our plants into the laboratory in the hope to cultivate a better species. No matter how we see it, technology now dictates the pace of our lives, and we must adopt and move fast†¦show more content†¦This technology has been successful even with all the ethical issues and concerns. Countless ethical issues will emerge with the use of computers and the internet among the biggest being privacy and confidentiality. While the law mandated that the unauthorized passing and obtaining of information are illegal and therefore unethical, the unlawful passing and obtaining of personal information happens every second on the internet. Adding to this are the issues on copyrights, plagiarism, hacking and spamming which the taking of other’s property (Akcay 121-125). Technology if used properly is a great weapon for human progress however if utilized in an unethical fashion this could also be a cause for human degradation and could bring disastrous results. For example, if technology on GMO will be used ethically this could lead to the tremendous growth in food production and could be an instrument to end world hunger in the future but if this technology will only be used for profit and fame the risk will surely come without proper compensation and endanger human lives. Another example is the internet. The internet enables the world to be connected to one another. In an instant we can send messages even communicate with our loved ones face to face even from thousands of miles away, 24 hours a day. We can hasten banking, commerce and any other transaction even education. These areShow MoreRelatedTechnology and Ethics4882 Words   |  20 PagesEssay on Technology and Ethics Essay on Technology and Ethics As the technological advancements are taking place day by day concerns are growing among the various religious and ethical groups about the ethics involved in the kind of technology. As we know that there are pros and cons of using any technology but sometimes many protest that the technologies are more of used for the selfish purposes to fulfill human needs than to be beneficial for the mankind. Lets take the most common example ofRead MoreEthics in Technology Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagescomputerized technology, computer engineers had to believe that their contribution to the development of computer technology would produce positive impacts on the people that would use it. During the infancy of computer technology, ethical issues concerning computer technology were almost nonexistent because computers back then were not as multifaceted as they are today. However, ethical issues relating to computer technology and cyber technology is undeniable in today’s society. Computer technology playsRead MoreThe Ethics Of Information Technology812 Words   |  4 Pagesthe board will be from a class such as Ethics in Information Technology. My first take away is that ethics cannot be defined narrowly. It is a broad topic that can be approached from many different perspectives. Frank Navran of the Ethics Resource Center (ERC) defines it as the study of what we understand to be good and right behavior and how people make those judgments (UMUC Library, 2016). However, when viewed from the perspective of information technology or the digital world, ZUR Institute definesRead MoreInfluence Of Ethics On Technology3600 Words   |  15 PagesAt first glance ethics and technology seem to have no interaction. However, we see the influence of ethics on technology both from the profession and the public. For example the code of professional ethics has changed the procedures in different parts of science, engineering and technology, and has given a particular direction to the types of projects done, their scope, and implementations. The sensitivity of consumers to choose moral values has also resulted in the change of direction for manyRead MoreTechnology Ethics in the Classroom Essay704 Words   |  3 PagesTechnology in the classroom is important to assist in the learning process; however this is creating new challenges for teachers. Teachers are now required to educate students on the importance of technology ethics. Computer ethics is the moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and networks (Shelly, G, Gunter, G, and Gunter, R 2012). Ethics in the classroom also requires teachers to explain what plagiarism is and the proper way for students to give credit for information attained fromRead MoreInformation Communication Technology Ethics823 Words   |  4 PagesInformation and Communication Technology Ethics | Reflections | This document contains the reflections on all topics and lectures taught in the class mentioned above. | | Reflection (1) Philosophy amp; Ethics; â€Å"allows us to breakout of prejudices and harmful habits that we held since we were too young or too naà ¯ve to know better†. Also allows us to see and appreciate other views of the world and study it to see â€Å"the consequences of our views†, because what we think amp; know might notRead MoreThe Ethics Technique Of Wearable Technology1278 Words   |  6 Pages Assessment 1 – Doing Ethics Technique Wearable Technology Nagur Bhasha Shaik 11614204 ICT506 IT Ethics shaiknagurbhasha@gmail.com Wearable Technology We are as of now appended to (actually and metaphorically) various innovations that screen our practices. The wellbeing taking after excitement has incited the progression of numerous armlets and catch on devices that screen steps taken, activity levels, heart rate, et cetera., likewise the methodology of common equipment that can be layered,Read MoreEthics and Reproductive Technology Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesEthics and Reproductive Technology Reproductive technology has come a long way in the last twenty years and continues to make expansive advances. The question where do babies come from is becoming harder and harder to answer. The response used to sound something like when a man and a woman love each other very much#8230; now with in vitro fertilization, fertility drugs, and sperm/egg donors as well as future advances the answer will take on a new twist #8230;they go to see a doctorRead MoreEthics and Technology What Is the Relationship?1994 Words   |  8 PagesEthics and Technology What is the Relationship? Rick Wagoner Information Education Technology 600, Section 002 Professor Dr. A Zargari September 10, 2004 Ethics and Technology What is the Relationship? With technology as well as many other fields of study or concentration we must be sure of our actions and motives before studying, researching, creating, developing, or implementing a new advancement. Consideration must be given to the results of our actions as a measureRead MoreCan Technology Affect Ethics and Culture1013 Words   |  5 PagesCan Technology Affect Ethics and Culture? Jeremiah Johnson TEC/401 Linda Poole November 16, 2006 Can Technology Affect Ethics and Culture? In today s work environment, workers are expected to know more than ever before. With the growing of technology comes more knowledge that end-users must know, so it is important for workers not to be distracted by unethical practices. However, with technology also comes a more defined sense of communication, which can be good or bad. This improved communication

Monroe Surname Meaning and Family History

Monroe is a Scots Gaelic surname meaning from the mouth of the river. From bun, meaning mouth of and roe, meaning a river. In Gaelic the b often becomes an m - hence the surname MONROE. Surname Origin: Scottish, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MUNROE, MUNROSE, MONRO, MUNRO, MUNREE Famous People James Monroe: 5th president of the United StatesMarilyn Monroe:  American actress (born  Norma Jeane Mortenson)Vaughn Monroe: American singer, trumpeter and big band leaderBill Monroe: American musicianAlan H. Monroe: professor; creator of Monroes motivated sequence Where the Monroe Surname is Most Common According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Monroe surname is most common in the United States, where it is popular throughout the nation. It is found in greatest numbers in some of the largest states by population, including Texas, California and New York, as well as North Carolina and Florida. WorldNames PublicProfiler  also identifies Monroe as most common in the United States, including the District of Columbia, North Carolina, Indiana, Alaska, Louisiana, Virginia, Kentucky, Idaho, Michigan, and Mississippi. Genealogy Resources Meanings of Common Scottish  Surnames: Uncover the meaning of your Scottish last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common surnames from Scotland.Monroe  Family Crest: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Monroe  family crest or coat of arms for the Monroe surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.Munro DNA Surname Project: Individuals with the Munro surname and variations such as Monroe  are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Monroe family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research is done to date, and instructions on how to participate.Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on descendants of Monroe  ancestors around the world.FamilySearch: Explore over 1.3  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Monroe  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.Surname Mailing List: Free mailing list for researchers of the Monroe  surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages.DistantCousin.com: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Monroe.GeneaNet: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Monroe  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Monroe  Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Monroe  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Legal Definition Of Child Abuse Essay - 2001 Words

The legal definition of child abuse is deliberately broad to cover any situation where there is ‘reasonable cause to suspect a child is suffering, or likely to be, significant harm’ (Children Act 1989:C41:PV:S47). To bring clarity, Working Together (2015) identifies four main areas of child maltreatment, including abuse in terms of physical, emotional and sexual, as well as neglect. The policy also gives a brief overview of typical scenarios appearing within each category. For instance, physical abuse entails acts like poisoning and hitting, failure to protect a child from harm constitutes as neglect, whilst making a child feel inadequate or humiliated is classified as emotional abuse. It can be stated that the three categories and examples highlighted particularly appertain to the case study. Dave’s experiences also substantiates evidence stating how child maltreatment typically coexists with other forms (Briere and Runtz, 1988). Yet co-occurrence is not always apparent as some forms of abuse are less obvious than others. As shown within the case study, even if concealed, physical abuse leaves visible marks, like bruises. On the other hand, professional curiosity is necessary to spot the signs of neglect since it is generally obscure (Glaser, 2002). According to Brandan et al (2014) neglect fails to discriminate as children in affluent homes are known to have been left in prams so the house stays tidy. In contrast, the link between poverty and substance misuse isShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Definition Of Child Abuse2189 Words   |  9 PagesI choose to research child abuse because I have seen a lot of it and I just wanted to inform other people about it. The reason I have seen a lot of child abuse is because my aunt is a foster mom and most of the kids that she has fostered are abused and some have been adopted into my family. I have seen how much it still affects them even after years of living with someone else and being able to talk openly about the abuse. They still have issues and act out as a result of these issues. The numberRead MoreEmotional Abuse in Canada Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagesmaltreatment and abuse go unreported each year because children and youth may not be aware that it is happening to them. Other forms of abuse such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, or exposure to violence are more readily known about and easier to label and understand. Emotional maltreatment, however, is much harder to identify and define. One broad and general definition of emotional abuse states emotional maltreatment â€Å"involves acts or omissions by those in contact with a child that are likelyRead MoreThe Legal Repercussions Of Child Abuse1112 Words   |  5 PagesChild abuse. A term that most of us believe to be aware of, but one ought to wonder, are we really aware of it? how one recognises child abuse ?, What are the legal repercussions of child abuse ? How common is it in countries less developed? Is it common in the United States? Does it intervene with â€Å"old style† paren ting? What entities provide such information? Well before answering any of this question is imperative to acknowledge the very basic of such topic. The webpage Childabuse.org (a governmentalRead MoreRichard J. Gelles s The Book Of David1054 Words   |  5 Pagesthat keeping troubled families together was what was best for the child. However, he changed his mind after he reviewed the tragic case of David Edwards, who was an infant killed by his mother after falling through the gaps of the child welfare system. David had an older sister who was taken from their home after obtaining juries leading to hospitalization. She was later removed from her parents care after they pleaded guilty to child neglect. A month after David’s birth, Mr. and Mrs. Edwards voluntarilyRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexuality On Children s Sexual Abuse1652 Words   |  7 Pages(1996) outlines that in history there have been recorded a multitude of examples of sexual maltreatment of children, that in nowadays would be defined as child sexual abuse. Only in the last three decades there have been a strong and overwhelming societal response towards this su bject which sanctions and condemns it . Throughout history, child sexual abuse term has constituted a major concern for many researchers and professionals, as it is seen as a complex phenomenon with a complexity of connotationsRead MoreQuestions On Learning Activities Questions1106 Words   |  5 Pages Assigned Questions: Chapter 2: Learning Activities Question 1 2 1. a. Provide a complete citation for the article (author, year, title, journal). Hopper, J. (2013, June 2). Child abuse statistics, research and resources. Retrieved from http://www.jimhopper.com/abstats/ 1. b. Provide a photocopy of the suggestion for future research (or simply quote the section). Whatever the population and sample, researchers have to ask questions. They can ask questionsRead MoreThe Nursing Ethics Of Advocacy919 Words   |  4 Pagesa nurse providing home care to a mother, and you suspect child abuse after observing the mother’s reaction to her child† (as cited by Arizona State University, 2014). When faced with a moral dilemma, a competent nurse incorporates ethical, bioethical and legal considerations. In the proposed story, incorporating the nursing ethics of advocacy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and collaboration will guide the nurse towards an appropriate and legal course of action. Primary Ethical Principle: Advocacy AdvocacyRead MoreLegal and Ethical Issues in Childcare1392 Words   |  6 PagesPART A: TERM PAPER QUESTIONS ANSWERS - LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN CHILDCARE 1) Record the relevant government agency that deals with child protection in your state – South Australia. The South Australia Department for Families and Communities (DFC) is responsible for child protection among other things. (COAG) Families SA runs the Child Abuse Report Line on 131 478. The Report Line is the focal point where all child protection concerns are to be reported. There are three teams in operationRead MoreIs It Illegal For A Child As A Form Of Discipline? Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesIs it illegal in Australia to slap or smack a child as a form of discipline? Should it be? In Australia it is legal to smack children as a form of discipline, however this is something that should be seriously looked at, as it can lead to severe consequences, such as psychological damage, through parents abusing their children. On the other hand, there is a need to discipline children, but this can be achieved through alternative punishments, rather than parents resorting to a scornful slap. TheRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention and Control; Can Physical, Sexual or Psychological Abuse Be Controlled Within the Household?820 Words   |  4 PagesChild abuse is a serious and widespread problem throughout the world. It can take the form of sexual abuse, physical or psychological mistreatment , or child neglect. Can child abuse be prevented? Can the child abuser be rehabilitated? What can be done within your own home or community to prevent or control child abuse? Once discovered, child abuse can be addressed, but how does one report child abuse, and what are the legal requiremen ts for reporting the abuse? Are you aware of the effect that the

Running Head Cultural Diversity Better Employee Diversity1.

Running Head: Cultural Diversity better Employee Diversity 1 Cultural Diversity better Employee Diversity 7 Cybermate Infotek Limited Should Overcome Cultural Diversity Issues to Increase Employee Retention MS 611 - Project Done by Harikrishna Nimmaneni As Partial fulfillment of Degree. Table of Contents I. Abstract - Experience in the company - Change Proposition II. Introduction - Understanding the culture - Adjusting the diversity III. Define Problem - Existing Culture of the company - Change to the culture ? Success. IV. Body of Paper - The existing culture of the company ? In detail - The culture adjustment required - The location based and understanding the culture - Immediate change and time†¦show more content†¦Experience in the company: My experience with the company as a part of an integral part of the organization and understand the company as an insider and to understand the environment, associating with the company has provided a broader view, a challenging understanding of the need to change the cultural diversity to help new employees feel comfortable. The existing employees to associate smooth transition to work and with new colleagues to help one another to grow and bring profit to the company and to their own careers helping one another. Change Proposition: The proposition for the change in the cultural diversity listed in this paper and following the implementation will give a different dimension to change and growth in all fields helping employees to retain and build a rapport with the company. Helps the clients to trust the company and helping the management take a risk in business with trust on employees and their talents due to retention. INTRODUCTION The company in question is Cybermate Infotek, and indulged in local and global projects and has diverse cultural employees. The management has incorporated many projects globally and has many employees from different cultures that work in diversity in the company, but the company is struggling to retain employees, as they do not have any diversity in the cultural aspects. Hillary Clinton said, ?What we have to

Bhagavad Gita Free Essays

Think of the phrase â€Å"finding yourself†. What does that truly mean? What makes it possible for a man to be able to find out who he himself is? Must we all be peaceful? Ghandi said, â€Å"Each one has to find his peace from within. And peace to be real must be unaffected by outside circumstances. We will write a custom essay sample on Bhagavad Gita or any similar topic only for you Order Now † In the Bhagavad Gita, we learn the lesson of finding our inner selves (â€Å"twin†) first before answering questions of others. According to the God Krishna, our desires are what cause our evil deeds, and in order for us to be free, we must control our desires. This can only be done through practice. Is peace what we all really want for ourselves in the end? First we must think of what peace is. It can be a state of harmony between people or groups or even a freedom from them, but it can also be known as freedom of the mind from annoyance, distraction, anxiety, an obsession such as a state of tranquility or serenity. Is that what we want in life—to be able to not worry about the troubles in life and just be happy? Peace gives us a calm and relaxed state of mind that helps bring about that joy and happiness. Happiness is what we are all trying to achieve in life. We fight for what will help us and our loved ones because it makes everyone happy. If you were to find yourself first, then no one would have to worry about to helping others or putting people down in order to help themselves because everyone would be taking care of themselves first. This state of comfort is an amazing state, but we as humans are driven by our desires and emotions, so can we truly have peace? One emotion can lead to another, and Lord Krishna says that it will all end in ruin because our desires are what cause the evil actions we do. Our â€Å"desire for pleasure and power† are what lure us to the evil actions (2. 43). So if our desires are what get us in trouble and make us sin, how do we stop them? The only way to stop these wrong-doings is to control our desires. â€Å"When a man gives up all desires that emerge from the mind, and rests contented the Self by the Self, he is called a man of firm wisdom† (2. 55). In other words, you have to drop your desires and not care about them in order to find yourself and be happy with how you are. Only when you get rid of all selfish thoughts will someone be able to renew themselves. He describes it almost as if it’s a rebirth. You do not think of the consequences, you just do it. If you let go of the expectations put upon us by society, there is no disappointment for yourself. Lord Krishna describes â€Å"firm wisdom† as the ultimate level of peace. He thinks that this firm wisdom is what we as humans should try to strive for. We must abandon â€Å"[A]ll desires born of [our] own selfish will, [and] a man should learn to restrain his unruly senses with his mind† (6. 24). The unruly senses he speaks of are the desires. He whose mind is untroubled by any misfortune, those craving for pleasures has disappeared, who is free from greed, fear, anger, who is unattached to all things who neither grieves nor rejoices if good or if bad things happen—that man is a man of firm wisdom† (2. 56-57). This further explains what â€Å"firm wisdom† is and makes you think of these traits as being almost God-like. Does God have this â€Å"firm wisdom† Krishna speaks of? Lord Krishna says that the mind is stronger than the senses that cause the desire, so we know that we can overcome these desires. The only question to answer now is how we can accomplish that. As the saying goes, â€Å"Practice makes perfect†, so this is the only way to control our desires. All of us think differently on the inside than the way we act on the outside. That is why we must learn to control our inner twin. Lord Krishna says, â€Å"†¦the mind is restless and hard to master; but by constant practice and detachment it can be mastered in the end† (6. 35). It is as if you have to make it a ritual and constantly do it. For example, giving up something for lent you have to control and practice your desire of not doing or eating what you gave up. If you cheat, even just once, you break the cycle and make it harder for you not to do it again. Practice gives you a routine to follow, and once you do it for so long, it almost comes natural and then you have nothing more to worry about. At this point, you are at peace not only with yourself but also with the people around you. Lord Krishna says if you accomplish this overwhelming task of self-control, you can fully surrender yourself to him in devotion, and so become an â€Å"advanced soul. † An advanced soul is he who has accomplished the steps of finding himself and has firm wisdom. On the other hand the impious souls find other objects to worship. How do we determine who are the advanced or impious among us? Are we only â€Å"advanced† if we believe in a certain god? However, we are striving to be God-like throughout our lives. Is there a point in striving for it if we know it cannot be done? In the Bhagavad Gita, we learn that in truth, finding God within us helps us find ourselves so this all helps find and keep the peace within us, which is what we want in the first place. How to cite Bhagavad Gita, Essay examples

Importance of Personal Branding Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Personal Branding. Answer: Introduction Personal branding is defined as the practice ofmarketing of a person and his career as a brand. Tom Peters first used the personal branding concept in 1997. Personal branding is a process of considering oneself as a brand and promotes the skills and capabilities possessed. This process is similar to brand promotions. As a business brand highlights its features and deliverables to its customers, personal branding helps in highlighting oneself as a brand. Personal branding is also considered as a unique art of branding oneself as an individual. This assignment highlights the various concepts related to personal branding, along with the steps that are required for the effective personal branding. The importance personal branding has also been shade light upon, in this assignment. The relation between the personal branding and being employable has also been shed light upon, in this assignment. Steps to develop personal branding Determining the areas of expertise One of the initial steps that need to be taken by an individual in personal branding. The areas of expertise need to be identified and highlighted. It is important that the area of expertises is narrowed down from a broad domain (Freling and Forbes 2013). For example, a person with a degree in Computer Science should narrow down the area of expertise and highlight those skills as a part of personal branding (Campelo et al. 2014). For an individual, it is essential to promote the skills, which the person is expertise. Highlighting the areas of expertise falsely, result in an adverse effect on the personal branding. The aim of personal branding of an individual is mainly to display the skills they posses and ensure that it reaches the intended recipients (Vallas and Cummins 2015). With the niche focus, the chances of being more reachable and accessible to a career opportunity will be witnessed. Writing and publishing the skills Personal branding is intended to highlight the skills that a person posses and ensure that these information reach the intended recipients (Freling and Forbes 2013). The best way to promote personal branding is to publish blogs or documents with the areas of specialization and promote on the various job portals or in blogs that are known to be accessed by recruiters or the other intended recipients. It is essential that each person have some unique feature to be distinguishable from the others, wanting to pursue the same career. Thus, personal branding helps a person to be distinguished from other people (Tukej et al. 2013). However, it is essential to ensure that in the quest of personal branding, the showcase of the personal and professional qualities are not irrelevant and redundant. This has a negative impression on the personal branding. The personal branding that is boosting about the skills too much might be unbelievable and not relied upon by the job providers and the job por tals. Being active and available on the social media and professional network An essential part of personal branding is being available on the social media as well as the professional networking sites (Freling and Forbes 2013). This shows the keenness of the person towards personal branding, as well as the urge of the person to be employable. The urge of career enhancement and self-promotions is also highlighted through being active and available in the professional network (McCorkle and Payan 2017). Personal branding focuses on highlighting the strengths in a person. Hence, care needs to be taken to avoid display of weaknesses. Developing a strong network In order to ensure that the personal branding is successful, it is important that a strong network be developed. Lack of development of a strong professional network will decrease the effectiveness of the Personal branding. With strong professional network, the person is able to ensure that the aim of the personal branding is fulfilled. Moreover, with strong professional network, the people in the network could be used to spread the professional strengths of the person, thus promotion of the person and his skills are achieved through personal branding (Freling and Forbes 2013). Hence, development of professional network and maintaining a good relation in the professional world is effective and important for the effectiveness of personal branding. Good relation with the friends and colleagues need to be maintained, such that they are able to contribute to the personal branding. Getting the personal branding reviewed It is important that, close friends and professional groups review the personal branding documents before it is published as blogs. This will act as a review. The changes according to the feedback obtained, could be made, thus enhancing the quality and reliability of the documents of personal branding (Dinnie 2015). Publishing the personal branding documents or publishing the blogs as a tool of personal branding has to highlight the skills and strengths that a person possesses, in a humble manner, without the display of pride (Freling and Forbes 2013). The tone in which the personal branding has to be done, should be appealing and attractive, without being a boost of oneself (Dessart et al. 2015). Thus, a peer review will ensure that the minor or major flaws will be identified and corrected, thus fulfilling the purpose of personal branding, successfully. Highlighting the leadership qualities Leadership quality in a person is one of the essential qualities that is useful in an career that a person pursues. It is important to highlight the leadership styles and the leadership traits that a person possess (Davis et al. 2014). However, appropriate example from incidents of college or workplace needs to be attached, in order to enhance the reliability of leadership qualities (Freling and Forbes 2013). Moreover, the leadership traits have to be linked with the industry in which the person could be employable. It is essential to identify such skills in oneself, which makes the person stand out in the crowd (Turri et al. 2013). For example, merely mentioning, The skill of leading others is possessed by me, might not be effective in personal branding. The decision-making qualities, along with the skills of conflict resolution have to be highlighted in personal branding. Describing the core values Along with the professional skills, it is essential to highlight the core values and ethical sense that a person possesses, as a part of personal branding. Along with the professional skills, the core values that a person posses, such as honesty, hard-work, trustworthiness, reliability, self-discipline. These core values have a key role to play, in shaping the career and hence have to be highlighted, along with the professional skills (Resnick et al. 2016). The core-values determine the personality of a person, along with assisting in shaping the career. Thus, it is essential that the core values and sense of morality is also highlighted, as a part of personal branding. Importance of personal branding The importance of personal branding lies in the effectiveness and enhancement of the career. Considering oneself as a brand and promotion of the strengths and weaknesses of the brand, helps in being employable. Personal branding is important for fresh graduates, who are looking forward to start their career (McCorkle and Payan 2017). Personal branding creates a scope for these fresher to give a strong background to their skills and ensure that they have a positive career ahead. Moreover, as a fresher, endorsement and references are important for a positive start of their career. Hence, personal branding should be given importance in case of the fresh graduates, who are about to start their career. With personal branding, a new platform for being employable and getting recognition is created (Freling and Forbes 2013). Thus, personal branding enhances the scope of being employable rather than being one amongst the crowd. This also helps a person stand out in the crowd and establish him self as a brand, being glorified in his individualism. Conclusion Personal branding is one of the activities, that is as important as the career of a person. Personal branding helps in identification of various skills and strengths that a person possesses, along with highlighting those, as in case of product marketing. Personal branding could be done using social media, as well as professional media. The stages in the personal branding have been highlighted, along with its importance. The significance of the personal branding lies in the enhancement of the career of a person, using personal branding to promote the skills and knowledge that he posses. Though the concept is not new, yet, people do not give much importance to the personal branding, as compared to the importance they give to their career. However, the more active a person is in personal branding, the chances of success in his career also increase. References Campelo, A., Aitken, R., Thyne, M. and Gnoth, J., 2014. Sense of place: The importance for destination branding.Journal of Travel Research,53(2), pp.154-166. Davis, R., Piven, I. and Breazeale, M., 2014. Conceptualizing the brand in social media community: The five sources model.Journal of retailing and consumer services,21(4), pp.468-481. Dessart, L., Veloutsou, C. and Morgan-Thomas, A., 2015. Consumer engagement in online brand communities: a social media perspective.Journal of Product Brand Management,24(1), pp.28-42. Dinnie, K., 2015.Nation branding: Concepts, issues, practice. Routledge. Freling, T.H. and Forbes, L.P., 2013. An empirical analysis of the brand personality effect.Journal of Product Brand Management. McCorkle, D. and Payan, J., 2017. Using Twitter in theMarketing and Advertising Classroom to Develop Skills for Social Media Marketing and Personal Branding.Journal of Advertising Education,21(1), p.33. Resnick, S.M., Cheng, R., Simpson, M. and Loureno, F., 2016. Marketing in SMEs: a 4Ps self-branding model.International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research,22(1), pp.155-174. Turri, A.M., Smith, K.H. and Kemp, E., 2013. Developing affective brand commitment through social media.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,14(3), p.201. Tukej, U., Golob, U. and Podnar, K., 2013. The role of consumerbrand identification in building brand relationships.Journal of business research,66(1), pp.53-59. Vallas, S.P. and Cummins, E.R., 2015. Personal branding and identity norms in the popular business press: Enterprise culture in an age of precarity.Organization Studies,36(3), pp.293-319.

The Usage of Wikis for Business Organizations

Wikis: An Overview A wiki refers to â€Å"Web site that enables users to add new content or amend existing content† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.2). The moment one posts on a wiki, all the users are then in a position to make their contributions by either adding or correcting the original document (Parker Chao, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Usage of Wikis for Business Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The users do not have to get permission from the author of the work or the administrator since each and every person is given a power to make contributions. The â€Å"Windows Share Point Services 3.0 provides history and version management, so that no original thinking is lost† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.3). The wiki community undertakes the management of change and makes sure that there is accuracy as well as relevance. The difference between the wikis and blogs lie s in â€Å"shared-document collaboration element† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006,p.3). The original author gives up ownership of the content he or she provides the moment the work is published. Authors have no need for writing HTML for the reason that the content â€Å"appears in a basic editor interface that enables anyone with basic keyboard skills to add, amend, reorganize, or delete information† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.3). The wiki software, which is more advanced, makes it possible to have advanced editing and this may include â€Å"HTML tags, support for rich text fonts and graphics† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006). This implies that there is a high speed collaborative development. Originally, the wikis were utilized by the developers as well as researchers in order to develop ideas rapidly (Educause, 2004). However, today, the use of wikis has â€Å"extended to project managers and others in more traditional business disciplines† (Microsoft Cor poration, 2006, p. 3). Wiki History The initial creation of Wikis was undertaken in the year 1995 by Ward Cunningham. This researcher conceived the Wikis as a swift way of creating and sharing ideas when one is working. The initial Wiki was referred to as the â€Å"Portland Pattern Repository† and the main purpose of this Wiki was to â€Å"facilitate the discovery and discussion of software patterns† (Tonya, 2008, p.1). The Wiki that was created by Ward and it still working and widely used by the Internet users all over the world. The product of the development that was undertaken by Ward was the â€Å"creation of web-based collaboration tool with applications for use in many areas† (Tonya, 2008, p.1). From the time it was created, more than one decade ago, a large number of Wiki implementations have â€Å"spawned on various server platforms, including a number of open software projects† (Tonya, 2008, p.1). At the present, there exist a number of wiki eng ines which are used in the wiki installation and hosting. There also exist a large number of â€Å"wiki farms† where hosting of wiki space on a server can be carried out (Educause, 2004). Some of these are available at a fee while others are free of charge.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wikis in a Business Environment and Ethical Issues The business organizations can eagerly take advantage of the wikis â€Å"collaborative functionality†, but they may suspiciously look at the possibly to alter the content without the management of the source and version. It is pointed out that the â€Å"flexibility of a wiki is the greatest strength, because it enables peers to work together to change or update a work without the need to increase the e-email traffic or take up excessive time in meetings and conference calls† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). The wikis ca n cancel out the need to hold meetings and to make conference calls. In the course of time, the wikis have been utilized in the design of the conference and event agendas in advance. This is applicable to anyone’s business. There is no need for one to be physically present at the venue to hold meetings; a wiki makes it possible for business thinkers to describe the agenda online. A reflection of what is supposed to be discussed and what is not supposed to is given by the wiki. However, there is the need to observe ethical issues and have trust between the group members that use wikis. In addition, there is also the need to have fundamental guidelines for the wiki conduct, â€Å"covering such thorny issues as deleting or modifying the contributions of others† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). It is pointed out that the use of the wikis for the internal collaboration is attaining credibility among the business organizations rapidly (Microsoft Corporation, 2006). In lin e with other fast-growing â€Å"development and modelling methodologies, wikis offer a unique environment for synthesis of different ideas† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). The capacity to work on one document as a team makes it possible for the teams to have rapid assimilation of all inputs of the members of the team. This immediate collaborative development makes it possible for the groups to be in a position to identify and find agreements without the delay on the important points of a project, or even a strategy or a plan. In the same way one can use blogs, one can set up wiki sites at â€Å"any number of levels, for small groups or large groups, so they can resolve a policy framework or complete a project plan, in a structured or an informal manner† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). A large number of business organizations consider wikis as being the most appropriate for an in-house development, since †it is possible to manage and police a site through company policies and standards† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). It is of a great significance to go beyond this constraint and learn from the success that has been achieved by the wikis. A well-known wiki site is Wikipedia. This is a from of the Wikimedia Foundation. This category of the site provides users with the a freedom to make contribution to the development of the site sharing their knowledge and important information, thus, â€Å"Web users can read and modify pages, and add insights in to an encyclopaedic range of topics† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Usage of Wikis for Business Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This may seem to be riskily open, but yet it works. For a business organisation, there has to be a higher consideration for â€Å"inaccuracies or intentionally misleading postings, especially from contributors outside the organization† (Microsoft Corporation, 2006, p.6). Stories Related To Wikis A large number of businesses are utilising wikis. Use of the e-mails can be quite time consuming and burdensome. It is mostly much better to create a wiki, coming up with a document which any person can edit; such companies as the Oxford University Press, Yahoo, the Walt Disney and sections of the U.S. military among others have used private workspace wikis, in which the employees can be able to engage in discussing of each other’s work and also immediately edit the documents (Winston Edelbach, 2011). It is reported that Soar Technology Inc., which is an artificial intelligence company and works for the Office of the Naval Research, gave out a report that wikis cut down the time that is needed to complete projects by 50 percent (Winston Edelbach, 2011, p.203). Some people give projections that in the coming five years wikis will be used by a very large number of businesses in the United States (Winston Edelbach, 2011). The wiki form quality is â€Å"immediately variable† (Winston Edelbach, 2011, p.203). It is pointed out that it will be exceptionally interesting to see how the form evolves in the course of time (Winston Edelbach, 2011, 2011). â€Å"We could easily imagine amplification of errors, hidden profiles, cascade effects, and group polarization on wikis and their cousins† (Winston Edelbach, 2011, p.203). But it is also pointed out that the big hunch is that the diversity of views, together with a widespread desire to cooperate, will ensure much successes, but not only within working groups (Winston Edelbach, 2011). Of course, a large number of experiments do not succeed but the â€Å"explosive growth of Wikipedia and wikis in general, suggests that more and even better developments are on the way† (Winston Edelbach, 2011, p.203). Conclusion Wikis are currently being used by business organizations and individuals to get several benefits t hrough carrying out their activities more conveniently and effectively. For instance, flexibility of wikis makes them very effective tools and this enables peers to carry out activities together to change or update a work without the need to increase e-mail traffic or consuming more time holding meetings making calls. It is projected that the use of wikis by business organizations is going to increase even more in the near future. References Educause, (2004). Wide open spaces: Wikis ready or not. Educause.edu. Web.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Microsoft Corporation. (2006). Using blogs and Wikis in business. Microsoft. Web. Parker, K. R Chao, J. T. (2007). Wiki as a teaching tool. Interdisciplinary Journal of Knowledge and Learning Objects, 3(1), 57 – 72. Tonya, J. (2008). Wiki history. Wiki.wetpaint.com. Web. Winston, M. Edelbach, R. (2011). Ethics, society and technology. New York: Cengage Learning. This report on The Usage of Wikis for Business Organizations was written and submitted by user Jaidyn Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Future Interests Sample Essay Question - How to Answer a Future Interests Sample Essay Question

Future Interests Sample Essay Question - How to Answer a Future Interests Sample Essay QuestionAre you stuck on a future interests sample essay question? If so, don't fret!I know that it's difficult to write because you have never written anything in your life before. You don't know what the next sentence should be or how to structure it. But with a little help, you can do this right!Write about what you love doing, have done in the past and would like to do in the future. This sounds easy but it's one of the hardest things to do. But when you get down to it, what are your favorite things to do? Write down those things in your future interests essay sample question.Now you have to decide on what you want to say in your future interests sample essay question. How will you phrase the question? What will you talk about? Write the question down. It doesn't have to be complicated but you don't want to just throw your ideas out there without proper focus and word choice.I'm sure you've com e up with at least one question for a future interests sample essay question. Now you just need to write that question. Don't worry. It's not as hard as it seems.Just take out your writing journal and answer each question from top to bottom. Don't worry about spelling or grammar. It doesn't really matter because you're going to use those questions in your future interests essay sample question.I know that it's a lot to think about when you want to write a future interests sample essay question. Don't worry!

Abraham Lincoln and Equal Rights essays

Abraham Lincoln and Equal Rights essays With America struggling in a state of Civil War, the nation's very core was being shaken. Abraham Lincoln, who was president during this period, realized this, and delivered one of his most historically renowned speeches, "The Gettysburg Address". This speech addresses many concerns for the nation as a whole. Through "The Gettysburg Address", Lincoln clearly states his views on what the country once was, how it was during the time he was in, and what his hopes and dreams for the future were. When the United States was founded, it was founded on a very famous principle, that all men are created equal. Lincoln realized this and stated that this nation was dedicated to the proposition that all men were created equal. Our nation founded itself on this simple thought because its people were tired of the tyranny and oppression caused by rule under Great Britain. The early Americans wanted many things, from their own laws to religious freedoms, but most of all they wanted to be considered equals in the eyes of man. These are only a few of the reasons the Revolutionary War was fought with Great Britain. After the war was over the American people knew what it felt like to finally be free. While they still remained free, Americans began to treat other races and cultures as the British had treated them. The irony found here in American history is that the country gained their freedom and equality from Britain, and was now fighting the same war against them. They let the same issues divide the country into two separate nations with a bitter hatred for one another. Perhaps the greatest irony is the fact that the southern states now wanted to be free, and separate from the northern states. Now the nation was found in a brutal state of war, which would eventually determine the course of American history (Neely,56). Abraham Lincoln, striving only for the peoples equal rights, described best what impact ...

Definition and Examples of Vocal Fry (or Creaky Voice)

Definition and Examples of Vocal Fry (or Creaky Voice) In speech, the term vocal fry refers to  a low, scratchy sound that occupies the vocal range below modal voice (the most commonly used vocal register in speech and singing). Also known as vocal fry register, creaky voice, pulse register, laryngealization, glottal rattle, and glottal fry.   Linguist Susan J. Behrens describes vocal fry as a type of phonation (vocal fold vibration) whereby the vocal folds start to slow down and beat irregularly before closing, toward the end of an utterance. This behavior causes a  rough voice quality, a lowered  voice pitch, and sometimes a slower rate of speech. All contribute to make a speakers voice sound creaky or raspy (Understanding Language Use in the Classroom,  2014). Examples and Observations Creaky voice involves a raspy quality of voice produced by reducing the amount of air passing through the vocal cords, which results in a non-pure or non-clear tone. It . . . carries a pragmatic meaning, often signalling the end of a turn, and is associated with younger female speech . . ..(Sandra Clarke, Newfoundland and Labrador English. Edinburgh University Press, 2010)Is your little princess sounding more like a frog? Speaking in a croaky voice, officially called vocal fry, has become normal among young women, new research published in the Journal of Voice finds. (Say Whaaat as if youre suffering from a very sore throat and youve got the sound.) But regularly talking this way could cause long-term vocal cord damage. Which means these women could end up not saying much at all.  (Leslie Quander Wooldridge, Croak Addicts. AARP Magazine, April/May 2012) Vocal Wrongness? The most recent trend in vocal wrongness is called vocal fry. Vocal fry is created when someone slips into a lower tone, usually at the end of a sentence, and this tone has a fried or creaky quality. Britney Spears and Kim Kardashian are infamous for this way of speaking, but research indicates men tend to speak with this raspy flaw as well. And vocal fry is on the rise, with two-thirds of college students in one study displaying it. The problem with using it is it conveys a sense that youre not confident, or in some cases, sure of what you are saying.  (Lee Thornton, Youre Doing It Wrong!. Adams Media, 2012) Young Women and Vocal Fry A classic example of vocal fry, best described as a raspy or croaking sound injected (usually) at the end of a sentence, can be heard when Mae West says, Why don’t you come up sometime and see me, or, more recently on television, when Maya Rudolph mimics Maya Angelou on Saturday Night Live.[L]inguists ... cautioned against forming negative judgments.If women do something like uptalk or vocal fry, it’s immediately interpreted as insecure, emotional or even stupid, said Carmen Fought, a professor of linguistics at Pitzer College in Claremont, Calif. The truth is this: Young women take linguistic features and use them as power tools for building relationships. ... It’s generally pretty well known that if you identify a sound change in progress, then young people will be leading old people, said Mark Liberman, a linguist at the University of Pennsylvania, and women tend to be maybe half a generation ahead of males on average. ... So what does the use of vocal fry denote? Like uptalk, women use it for a variety of purposes. Ikuko Patricia Yuasa, a lecturer in linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, called it a natural result of women’s lowering their voices to sound more authoritative.It can also be used to communicate disinterest, something teenage girls are notoriously fond of doing.(Douglas Quenqua, They’re, Like, Way Ahead of the Linguistic Currrrve. The New York Times, February 27, 2012) Vocal Fry and Meaning [V]oice quality changes contribute to meaning at many ... linguistic levels. Creaky voice (or vocal fry) often signals prominence within a sentence, the presence of linguistic boundaries like ends of sentences, or major changes of topic...  (Jody Kreiman and Diana Sidtis, Foundations of Voice Studies: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Voice Production and Perception. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Creaky Voice Like breathy voice, creaky voice is also used as both a tool for age, gender, and social distinction, and for phonological contrast with some of the worlds languages.There is a minimum fundamental frequency below which modal voicing can no longer continueusually about a quarter of a persons average speaking fundamental. At this point the nature of phonation changes and the speaker begins to use creaky voice, also known as laryngealization or vocal fry. The term stiff voice has also been applied to a variety of phenomena that partially resemble creaky voice. In creaky voice, the vocal folds are very shortened and slackened to maximize their mass per unit length, and the IA muscles are contracted to draw the arytenoid cartilages together. This action allows the vocal folds to stay together for a much longer part of the phonation cycle than in modal voicing . . ., only allowing a tiny burst of air to escape between long closure periods.  (Bryan Gick, Ian Wilson, and Donald Derrick, Ar ticulatory Phonetics. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) The Great Unnamed [W]e have no shared public language through which to speak about the voice or sound, in contrast to the wide vocabulary that weve developed for visual images. Sounds are still part of the great unnamed. Back in 1833 the American physician, James Rush, tried to identify different kinds of voiceswhispering, natural, falsetto, orotund, harsh, rough, smooth, full, thin, slender. By the 1970s phoneticians hadnt moved much beyond Rush in naming different types of voice. The terms they had come up withlike whispery voice, harsh voice, creaky voice, tense or lax voicewere never taken up by the public. Neither was more specialist terminology, like vocal fry, jitter, or shimmer, words which anyway have no agreed definition. Were in a state of terminological disarray, and few of us are able to describe the voice in words that arent either impressionistic or ambiguous.  (Anne Karpf, The Human Voice: The Story of a Remarkable Talent. Bloomsbury, 2006)

How effective was Khrushchevs religious policy Essay

How effective was Khrushchevs religious policy - Essay Example x Church that offered support for the war effort; in return Stalin â€Å"promised them a new deal involving the return of some churches and other institutions, a limited right of publication, and the freeing of such religious personnel as had survived the terror of the 1930s and earlier† (Anderson 1994, p. 8). Consequently, the number of registered religious communities increased considerably after the war and within no time the influence of the church posed a great threat to the state’s autonomy. It was at this juncture that a full-scale persecution of religion began in the nation under the leadership of Khrushchev who became the undisputed leader of the party and government after Malenkov retired in 1959 (Pospielovsky 1998, p. 313). This paper seeks to make a probe into the religious policy of Khrushchev and how far his policies have been effective in attaining their goals. Khrushchev adorns the place of a radical reformer and liberalist in the history of Soviet Union; despite his anti-religious policies one can never undermine his initiatives to bring about a ‘considerable degree of liberalization in many other areas of Soviet life’ and there are many who think that his assault on religion stemmed from a ‘personal commitment to the building of a communist society within the foreseeable future’ (Anderson 1994, p. 7). For Chumachenko & Roslof (2002, p. 148), Khrushchev was in a way distancing himself from church problems until the end of the 1950s and that â€Å"issues of church policy originally did not have any fixed place in his grandiose plans for reconstructing and altering Soviet society†. However, Khrushchev later turned vehemently against the Russian church as he believed that the disappearance of religion was an essential prerequisite for the creation of a total communist society. As a liberalist, Khrushchev des cribed himself as an atheist and an advocate of the scientific world view; he held that â€Å"education, scientific knowledge and the study

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 12

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Start ups succeed when entrepreneurs are able to correctly anticipate the needs of a niche market and then work steadily to capitalize on the unique points of their service. Cater2me was successful in part because it was self financed and did not opt to achieve quick profit growth as is often required by venture capital funding. The owners can now further expand the business through Format franchising, which will allow Cater2me to reach across the Atlantic into the bustling London market through licensing their brand, operations value and culture to aspiring business owners. The format lets the franchisor keep control of their original idea while including and incorporating local insights from the franchisees and minimizes the risk for both the groups. It is a symbiotic relationship where Cater2me will provide the necessary support (training, managerial and operational processes, brand value etc) to their franchised outlets in overseas centers and the business owners themselves will take on the routine work and risk associated with running the branches. Partners Zach Yungst and Alex Lorton had the idea for their startup Cater2me, while walking across downtown San Francisco, admiring the variety of food options available at street side vendors. They were also aware of how these vendors were limited to a restricted customer base and did not have the options for scalability that were available to restaurants or better financially backed establishments. They saw a market opportunity for bridging the gap between the vendors and the corporate customers who would be eager to sample the vast variety of food items if only it was conveniently packaged and delivered. Cater2me began in 2010 as a service providing quality food options to the various corporate offices and other tech startups operating in San Francisco who are not big enough to afford

Benefits and problems concerning traditional approach to budgeting

Benefits and problems concerning traditional approach to budgeting In order to advise two different businesses about the benefits and problems associated with traditional approach to budgeting and budgetary control, i have collected and compiled the information regarding budgeting and divided it into different parts so that the reader may easily understand . 1.INTRODUCTION : A budget is a planning and controlling tool for an oraganisation.This tool can work effectively only when it is used with due care.It is not only the a cost monitoring mechanism but also an integral part of an organisations planning and control activities.It aims at achieving organisational objectives and motivating the personnel concerned.For the success of budgetary system gathering the essential informationand choosing an appropriate budgetary system etc.are necessary. The ideal budegting system is one that encourages goal congruence(i.e. a situation where the personal goals of the employees match the oraganisational goals).Ensuring the greater participation of the supervisory level in the management process can ensure goal congruence. Budgets may be of different types to suit the different practices followed by different organisations.An organisation using a conventional systemof budgeting may somtimes need to switch over to another to suit its requirements.Changing a budegtary system is not a simple task.An oraganisation has to face certain difficultiesin the form of resistance to change by the personnel of the organisation,changes required in the existing support systems etc., inorder to change its budgetary system.The Success of a budget is also largely dependant on the level of accuracy in estimating the revenues and costs for the budget period.There are several statistical techniques which may prove useful in forecasting the figures to be incorporated in budgets. 2. TRADITIONAL BUDGETING: 2.1. Introduction: First of all we begin this topic with the simple definition of budget.In short budget can be defined as Quantitative economic plan made with regard to time. Therefore, for something to be characterised as a budget it must comprise the quantities of economic resources to be allocated and used, it has to be expressed in economic i.e. monetary terms, it has to be a plan not a hope or a forecast but an authoritative intention, and it must be made within a certain period of time (Harper, 1995, p. 318). Only a plan that has such characteristics can be called a budget. However, if a budget is looked upon in its wider context, it can be defined as a management tool that puts executives in control of the financial health of their company. It is an objective measure of the financial structure of companys operation and a tool that forces management to be accountable in a structured and objective way. Budgets as management tools by themselves are neither good nor bad. How managers administer budgets is the key to their value. When administered wisely, budgets facilitate planning and resource allocation and help to enumerate, itemize, dissect and examine all of the products and services that a company offers to customers (Seer, 2000, p. 187). In short and taken at its simplest level, a budget is a mathematical exercise, but in reality it is much, much more than numbers on spreadsheets, which is what following text will definitely show. The purpose of budgeting is that it gives management an idea of how well a company is meeting their income goals, whether or not expenses are in line with predicted levels, and how well controls are working. Properly used, budgeting can and should increase profits, reduce unnecessary spending, and clearly define how immediate steps can be taken to expand markets (Thomsett, 1988, p. 5). In order to achieve this, management needs to build a budgeting system, the major objectives of which are to (Viscione, 1984, p. 42): Set acceptable targets for revenues and expenses. Increase the likelihood that targets will be reached. Provide time and opportunity to formulate and evaluate options should obstacles arise. Since budgeting as a process is very complex, it comes as no surprise that budgets are trying to fulfil numerous functions such as (Harper, 1995, p. 321, and Churchill, 1984, p. 162): Planning a budget establishes a plan of action that enables management to know in advance the amounts and timing of the production factors required to meet desired level of sales. Controlling a budget can be used to help an organization reach its objectives by ensuring that each of the individual steps are taken as planned. Coordinating a budget is where all the financial components of an organization Individual units, divisions, and departments are assembled into a coherent master picture that expresses the organizations overall operational objectives and strategic goals. Communicating by publishing the budget, management explicitly informs its subordinates as to what exactly they must be doing and what other parts of the organization will be doing. A budget is designed to give managers a clear understanding of the companys financial goals, from expected cost savings to targeted revenues. Instructing a budget is often as much an executive order as an organizational plan since it lays down what must be done. It may, therefore, be regarded by subordinates as a management instruction. Authorising if a budget is a management instruction then conversely it is an authorisation to take budgeted action. Motivating in that a budget sets a target for the different members of the organization so that it can act to motivate them to try and attain their budgeted targets. Performance measuring by providing a benchmark against which actual performance can be measured, a budget clearly plays a crucial role in the important task of performance measurement. Decision-making it should never be assumed that a budget is set in concrete and when changing course a well-designed budget is a very useful tool in evaluating the consequences of a proposed alternative since the effect of any change can be traced throughout the entire organization. Delegating budgets delegate responsibility to the managers who assume authority for a specified set of resources and activities. In this way budgets emphasise even more the existing organizational structure within the company. Educating the educating effect of a budget is perhaps most evident when the process is introduced in a company. Operating managers learn not only the technical aspects of budgeting but also how the company functions and how their business units interact with others. Better management of subordinates a budget enhances the skills of operating managers not only by educating them about how the company functions, but also by giving them the opportunity to manage their subordinates in a more professional manner. The requirements that all these functions impose upon a budget make it difficult for one system to meet them all. It is precisely because these requirements differ, that role conflicts in budgeting system arise. These need to be appropriately dealt with so that dysfunctional behaviour like budget padding or other damaging budget games for the company do not appear. Since there are three major roles for any budgeting system, at least three conflicts may arise (Barrett, Fraser, 1977, p. 141): Planning versus motivation For a budget to be most effective in the planning role, it should be based on a realistic assessment of the companys operating capabilities and on managements judgment about what is most likely to happen in the future. Yet this kind of budget runs the risk of setting targets so low that motivation is adversely affected since to motivate properly, budget objectives should be set higher than those for planning and be difficult yet attainable. On the other hand, these difficult yet attainable objectives lead to an overly optimistic budget and run the risk of falling short and under using company resources. Motivation versus evaluation There is a widely held belief that budget objectives should be set as fixed standards against which performance can be judged. Managers are also likely to be more committed to achieving this kind of objective since they know that the performance standards by which they are evaluated are not constantly changing. On the other hand, managers motivation can be impaired by rigid application of a fixed standard philosophy which doesnt consider the impacts of uncontrollable or unforeseeable events and doesnt allow for their removal from budget standards. Planning versus evaluation The planning roles requirement of providing realistic assessment of future prospects can conflict with the need to eliminate the effects of uncontrollable or unforeseeable environmental variables from the budget used for evaluation purposes. Yet, because they are separated in time, the conflict between these requirements is considered a minor one since it can be considerably reduced if appropriate adjustments are done at the end of the budget period. As can be seen in the previous paragraph, functions that typical budgets want to cover are very wide. It comes then as no surprise that those budgets are being used today in practice for many purposes. Bunce, Fraser and Woodcocks (1995) survey showed that general uses of budgets can be divided into financial and operational type of uses. Figure 2 clearly indicates that, of the various uses of budgeting for management, the most important are those financially oriented like the use of budgets for financial forecast, cost control, cash flow management, and capital expenditure supervision. The operational management uses of budgeting have been less common but the interviewed companies have concluded that, in todays business environment, they are of growing importance. The need to improve performance is intensifying to the point that it is no longer enough just to control costs, but That company must also pay attention to things like strategy, communication, and employee evaluation. These are purposes for which budgets have not been used so much in the past. As stated in the opening definition, budgets are plans set for a certain period of time, such as a month, quarter, and year and so on. This time period is then usually broken into smaller sub periods. The most frequently used budgets are annual budgets that are subdivided by months for the first quarter and by quarters for the remainder of the year. Of course, actual time periods for which budgets are made depend mostly on their purpose and use, and it is solely the decision of individual companies as to what time periods will be utilized for their budgeting process. 2.2. History of budgets: The English word budget stems from the French word bougette and the Latin word bulga which was a leather bag or a large-sized purse which travellers in medieval times hung on the saddle of their horse. The treasurers bougette was the predecessor to the small leather case from which finance ministries even today in countries like Great Britain and Holland present their yearly financial plan for the state. So after being used to describe the word wallet and then state finances, the meaning of the word budget in 19th century slowly shifted to the financial plan itself, initially only for governments and then later for private and legal entities (Hofstede, 1968, p. 19). It was only then that budgets started to be considered as financial plans and not just as money bags. The use of budgets as financial planning and control tools for business enterprises is historically a rather young phenomenon. In the US, early budgetary principles in companies were mostly derived from the budget techniques in government. The other source of budgetary principles for business in the US was the Scientific Management Movement, which in the years between 1911 and 1935 conquered the US industry. Many historians agree that early budgeting systems can be seen as a logical extension of Taylors Scientific Management from the shop floor to the total enterprise. However, it was not until the depression years after 1930 that budget control in US companies started to be implemented on a large-scale.Budgets with their focus on cost control simply became a perfect management tool for that period of time (ibid., p. 20). In Europe the idea of using budgets for business was firstly formulated by the French organization pioneer Henri Fayol (1841-1925). There was, however, little appli cation in practice. Another practical stimulus came from the ideas of the Czech entrepreneur Thomas Bata (1876-1925) who introduced the so-called departmental profit-and-loss-control as a tool for decentralizing his international shoe company into a federation of independently run small businesses. Nevertheless, the main inducement for the development of budgets and their implementation in European companies came from across the Atlantic in the years following the Second World War (ibid., p. 21). Companies like Du Pont and General Motors in the U.S., Siemens in Germany, and Saint Gobain and Elà ©ctricità © de France in France, which pioneered the M-form (multidivisional) organizational structure in the 1920s, first started to use budgets to support their rapid growth as they expanded into new products and markets. This was to help them to reduce the complexity of managing multiple strategies (Hope, Fraser, 1997, p. 20). The enormous diversity in the product markets served by these vertically integrated corporations required new systems and measures to coordinate dispersed and decentralized activities. In this kind of environment, budgets and ROI measure rightly played a key role in permitting central management to coordinate, motivate and evaluate the performance of their divisional managers, and perform a proper allocation of internal capital and resources (Johnson, Kaplan,1991, p. 11). However, it is was only in the 1960s that accountants started adding to budgets other functions (like management performance evaluation and motivation) in addition to those functions for which they had originally been devised planning and control (Hope, Fraser,1999b, p. 50). In that period, budgets became the central and most important activity within management accounting or in the words of Horngren, Foster and Datar: the most widely used accounting tool for planning and controlling organizations (2000, p. 178). This is exactly how budgets have remained to this day. The only thing that has changed in the meantime is the competitive environment in which todays companies operate and which has provoked many discussions about budgets disadvantages and their alternatives, some of which will be presented in later parts of this assessment. 2.3. Budgeting Process: The process of budgeting generally involves an iterative cycle which moves between targets of desirable performance and estimates of feasible performance until there is, hopefully, convergence to a plan which is both feasible and acceptable (Emmanuel, Otley, Merchant,1990, p. 31). Alternatively, if we look beyond many details and iterations of the usual budgeting process we can see that there is a simple universally applicable budgeting process, the phases of which can be described in the following manner (Finney, 1994, p. 16): Budget forms and instructions are distributed to all managers. The budget forms are filled out and submitted. The individual budgets are transformed into appropriate budgeting/accounting terms and consolidated into one overall company budget. The budget is reviewed, modified as necessary, and approved. The final budget is then used throughout the year to control and measure the organization. The inevitable dependence of individual budgets on one another requires that budgets be prepared in a hierarchical manner. Figure 3 indicates a common hierarchical form of the budgeting process together with the necessary data flow between particular budgets and phases of their making. This picture shows that despite having only a few general phases, the budgeting process, due to its linearity and iteration loop, is in fact a very complex and time consuming process. Since it is so complex and important, the budgeting process requires lots of decision making on the particular choices that developers of budgets have at their disposal. Churchill (1984, p.151) has provided a list of eight budget choices that managers have to be concerned with when setting up the budgeting system. Thereby, these concerns vary according to whether the company intends to use its budgets primarily for planning or for control. These budget choices are: Whether it is to be prepared from the bottom-up or top-down, How it is to be implemented, How the budget process is linked to the strategic planning process, Whether it should be a rolling budget and how often it should be revised, Whether performance should be evaluated against the original budget or the one relating to the actual activity level of the organization, Whether compensation/bonuses should be based on budgeted performance, What budget evaluation criteria should be used, and What degree of stretch should be incorporated into the budget. In general, accounting theory suggests that large companies should be concerned more with operational efficiency and emphasize coordination and control aspects of budgets, while smaller innovative firms should concentrate more on the planning aspects of their budgets. 2.4. Types Of Budgets: A budget is not a unitary concept but varies from organization to organization. The basic concept of budgeting involves estimating future performance, comparing actual results with the estimate, and analyzing the differences between them. Factors that are relevant in determining the type or style of an organizations budget and its effects include: the type of organization, the leadership style, personalities of people affected by the budget, the method of preparation, and the desired results of the budgeting process (Cherrington, Cherrington, 1973, p. 226). In general, budgets can be classified into two primary categories (Cohen, Robbins, Young,1994, p. 171): Operating budgets: Operating budgets consist of plans for all those activities that make up the normal operations of the firm. The main components of the firms operating budget include sales, production, inventory, materials, labour, overheads and RD budgets. Financial budgets: Financial budgets are used to control the financial aspects of the business. In effect, these budgets reveal the influence of the operating budgets on the firms financial position and earnings potential. They include a cash budget, capital expenditures budget and pro forma balance sheet and income statement. In figure 4, all major budgets that can be used in a typical company and how they are linked and interconnected within the larger system of the master budget can be seen. This confirms what has already been said about the budgeting process that individual budgets are dependent on one another which requires that they be prepared in a hierarchical manner. Except for the usual division of companies budgets into operational and financial, budgets can also be differentiated based on expenditure authority. Using this approach, two major groups of budgets can be defined (Kemp, Dunbar, 2003, p. 3): Line-item budgets These are budgets where the name of each line is set, as is the amount of money that can be spent on each item. If one works within a line-item budget, one can not overspend a specific line item and then compensate this with savings on other line (or vice versa). The authority to move money from one line item to another must be granted at a higher level. Block budgets These are the opposites of line-item budgets. Here a block of money is given. The details of the budget are presented but, later on, if one wants to spend more money on one item and less on another, one is free to do so. As long as the block of money is not overspent before the end of the year, the budget remains under control. 2.5. Budgets as planning tools: Welsch, Hilton, Gordon (1988, p. 73) have defined the budgeting process as a profit planning and control process and in that way not only have identified the two most important functions of budgets in organizations, but have also presented budgeting process in a wider context than it is usually depicted. Figure 5 clearly shows that the budgeting process is more than just a process of combining quantitative financial plans. It is a tool with which top management cascades strategy goals to operating levels. Budgets are ideal for this purpose since they are in essence the detailed quantification of targets for short-term choices of actions. Before continuing, it must be emphasised here that budgeting is not planning it is just the quantification of planning. Since the budget is fundamentally a plan, planning is the first important element of budgeting work. Planning is one of the elementary functions of management. It is the process of developing enterprise objectives and selecting a future course of action to accomplish them. It includes establishing enterprise objectives, developing premises about the environment in which they are to be accomplished, selecting a course of action for accomplishing the objectives, initiating activities necessary to translate plans into action and current replanning to correct deficiencies (Welsch, Hilton, Gordon, 1988, p. 3). It is a phase that involves the interpretation of the broader strategic policies derived during the formulation of strategy and their translation into more specific shorter-range plans. Once these short-term plans are quantified, they become budgets. That is why in many instances short-term planning and budgetary planning are used as synonyms. However, as figure 6 will show, connect ion between planning and budgeting is not isolated from influences of other elements that constitute corporate planning system and it is precisely the coherent functioning of the complete system that allows corporate planning to be implemented, period by period, through the budgetary process and its two elementary phases budgetary planning and budgetary Control (Lucey, 1996, p. 104). Apart from the purposes of setting desired objectives and goals and linking them with strategic long-range and tactical short-range plans, the fundamental objective of management planning within budgeting system is to provide a feedforward process for operations and control. It is this feedforward process that renders the planning phase of the budgeting system vitally important since it allows control and corrections of plans before they are even implemented. The difference between feedback and feedforward concepts is that feedback monitors past results to detect and correct disturbances to the plan, while feedforward reacts to immediate or forthcoming dangers by making adjustments to the system in advance in order to cope with the problem on time, i.e. feedback monitors, feedforward warns (Lucey,1996, p. 144). Since in any organizations it is unlikely that pure feedforward or pure feedback control could operate in isolation because feedback control is too slow, while feedforward control is too risky, these two concepts usually function within a single budgeting system as can be seen in figure 7. 2.6. Budgets as control devices : At the beginning of the period, the budget is a plan. At the end of the period, the budget is a control device to measure performance against expectations so that future performance may be improved. Control is achieved through continuous reporting of actual progress and expenditures relative to plans i.e. budgets (Shim, Siegel, 1994, p. 15). The aim of budgetary control is to provide a formal basis for monitoring the progress of the organization as a whole and of its component parts towards achievement of the objectives specified in budgets (Lucey, 1996, p. 147). Budgetary control process usually functions in a closed loop. This loop, which is illustrated in figure 8, starts with the planning phase, then records actual transactions, and finally reports against the plan and generates management response. In accounting literature, budgeting is also known as responsibility accounting. This means that plans and the resulting information on the performance of the plans are expressed in terms of human responsibilities because it is people, not reports that control operations. We can define responsibility accounting as a system of accounting in which costs and revenues are analysed in accordance with areas of personal responsibilities so that the performance of the budget holders can be monitored in financial terms (Lucey, 1996, p. 147). So the crucial thing for profit control is the division of authority and responsibility to managers. This means that managers should accept responsibility only over those figures that they have control. However, in practice, controllability1 is difficult to pinpoint for at least two reasons (Horngren, Foster, Datar, 2000, p. 195): Few costs are clearly under the sole influence of one manager. Over a long enough time span, all costs will come under somebodys control. For this reason, companies, alongside traditional responsibility centres2, also usually set up budget centres. These can be defined as a part of an organization for which a given manager has responsibility and authority and to which profit control data can be assigned (Harper,1995, p. 320). For budgeting control purposes, a special type of budget is prepared called the flexible budget. In order to understand why only those budgets can be used for the accurate measurement of performance, firstly the difference between them and fixed budgets must be explained. The fixed budget is based on the level of output planned at the start of the budget period. On the other hand, the flexible budget is developed using budgeted revenues or cost amounts based on the level of output actually achieved in the budget period (Horngren, Foster, Datar, 2000, p. 220). For this reason, from a control viewpoint, the fixed budget is likely to be inappropriate (unless by pure chance the actual level of activity turns out to be the same as the planned level which is highly unlikely) and should not be used for control purposes. It is with respect to this sort of budget that the old saying the budget is out of date before the budget period even begins is often a correct one (Harper, 1995, p. 336). 2.7. Benefits and problems associated with traditional budgeting: It is claimed that today as many as 99 percent of European and US companies are using budgets and have no intention of abandoning them (Better Budgeting: A report, 2004, p. 2). However, on the same page, it is stated that as many as 60 percent of those companies claim that they are not completely satisfied with their current budgeting systems and are continuously trying to improve them (ibid., p. 3). From this evidence, it is obvious that budgets carry with them many benefits and problems. Here is a list of some of the benefits that traditional budgeting can bring into organization if properly implemented and administered (Lucey, 1996, p. 161): It is a major formal way by which the organizational objectives are translated into specific plans, tasks and objectives related to individual managers and supervisors. It is an important medium for communication of organizational plans and objectives and of the progress made towards meeting those objectives. The development of budgets helps achieve coordination between the various departments and functions of the organization. The involvement of all levels of management in setting budgets, the acceptance of defined targets, the two way flow of information and other features of a properly organized budgeting system all help to promote a coalition of interest and to increase motivation. Managements time can be saved and attention directed to areas of greatest concern by the exception principle which is at the heart of budgetary control. Performance at all levels is systematically reported and monitored thus aiding the control of current activities. The investigation of operations and procedures, which is part of budgetary planning and the subsequent monitoring of expenditure, may lead to reduced costs and greater efficiency. The regular systematic monitoring of results compared to the plan (i.e. the budget) provides information upon which current operations are adjusted to bring them into line with the previous plan or, adjustments are made to the plan itself where this becomes necessary. The integration of budgets makes it possible to better manage cash and working capital and makes stock and buying policies more realistic. Nobody has better summarized in one sentence all the advantages of traditional budgeting as did Umapathy in his major work on budgeting practices in U.S. industry from 1987.Umapathy stated: There is no other managerial process that translates qualitative mission statements and corporate strategies into action plans, links the short-term with the long-term, brings together managers from different hierarchical levels and from different functional areas, and at the same time provides continuity by the sheer regularity of the process (Umapathy, 1987, p. xxii). It is exactly because of this that budgets will soon celebrate their century long existence. Since budgets encompass so many different functions and are used for so many things in organizations, it is obvious to expect them to have certain weaknesses. A group of authors at the Cranfield School of Management made an extensive review of budgeting literature. As part of their research, they identified 12 significant weaknesses of traditional planning and budgeting practices. These factors fall into three principal categories and can be listed as follows (Neely, Bourne, Adams, 2003, p. 23): Competitive strategy Budgets are rarely strategically focused and are often contradictory. Budgets concentrate on cost reduction and not value creation. Budgets constrain responsiveness and flexibility, and are often a barrier to change. Budgets add little value since they tend to be bureaucratic and discourage creative thinking. Business process Budgets are time consuming and costly to put together. Budgets are developed and updated too infrequently, usually annually. Budgets are based on unsupported assumptions and guesswork. Budgets encourage gaming and dysfunctional behaviour. Organizational capacity Budgets strengthen vertical command and control. Budgets do not re ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ect the emerging network structures that organizations are adopting. Budgets reinforce departmental barriers rather than encourage knowledge sharing. Budgets make people feel undervalued. Furthermore, one of the biggest problems with budgets is that they tend to promote an inward-looking, short-term culture that focuses on achieving a budget figure, rather than on implementing business strategy and creating shareholder value over the medium to long term. For all these reasons, it is believed that these weaknesses lead collectively towards business underperformance and should therefore be dealt with (ibid). The above listed benefits and disadvantages of budgeting system have been present since the first d