Thomas Paines Political Influence During the 1700s

Thomas Paine was an English-American, writer and revolutionist; he was born on January 29, 1736. From 1772 to 1773, Paine joined excise officers asking Parliament for better pay and working conditions, publishing, in summer of 1772, The Case of the Officers of Excise, a twenty-one-page article, and his first political work. On June 4 1774, mathematician, Fellow of the Royal Society, and Commissioner of the Excise George Lewis Scott introduced him to Benjamin Franklin, who suggested him to move to British colonial America. In October, Thomas Paine departed from Great Britain to the American colonies. He arrived in Philadelphia on November 30 1774. He became a citizen of Pennsylvania by taking the oath of allegiance at a very early period. In January 1775, he became the editor of the Pennsylvania Magazine. In April 1775, during the battles of Lexington and Concord, Paine viewed, that the Colonies had all the right to revolt against a government that imposed taxes on them but which did not give them the right of representation in the Parliament at Westminster. But he went even further: for him there was no reason for the Colonies to stay dependent on England. On January 10 1776 he namelessly published the best-selling American title of that period named Common Sense, signed as â€Å"Written by an Englishman†. Common Sense was another article that directly demanded independence from British government, it was the most widely read pamphlet of the American Revolution. InShow MoreRelatedThe Age of Reason and Revolution Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagesbrought on many changes to religious, political, scientific, and literary aspects of the eighteenth century. The Age of Reason and Revolution was a time of change. This age, and the changes in it, was mainly brought upon by the Renaissance, along with some other technological inventions that made reasoning possible. But mainly, the Renaissance provided the historical roots for the Age of Reason. The Age of Reason had tremendous influence in arts and architecture, intellectualRead MoreNationalism And Its Impact On Society1755 Words   |  8 PagesNationalism was coined back in the 1770’s it has a major role in the shaping many nations throughout the world. Nationalism has many positive and negative aspects to it. Nationalism has the strength to unify people despite their classes. It also has the ability to united people to lead movements against oppressive governments. There is a downside Nationalism can as method to evoke fear. The biggest negative is that most nationalism movement’s inevitably led to some form of conflict. Nationalism isRead MorePro’s and Con’s of Nationalism Essay1814 Words   |  8 PagesPro’s and Con’s of Nationalism Nationalism was coined back in the 1770’s it has a major role in the shaping many nations throughout the world. Nationalism has many positive and negative aspects to it. Nationalism has the strength to unify people despite their classes. It also has the ability to united people to lead movements against oppressive governments. There is a downside Nationalism can as method to evoke fear. The biggest negative is that most nationalism movement’s inevitably led to someRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesKirkwood Community College; and Stephanie Tucker, California State University Sacramento. Thinking and writing about logical reasoning has been enjoyable for me, but special thanks go to my children, Joshua, 8, and Justine, 3, for comic relief during the months of writing. This book is dedicated to them. For the 2012 edition: This book is dedicated to my wife Hellan whose good advice has improved the book in many ways. vi Table of Contents Preface....................................

Bahram Ahmadi Free Essays

string(63) " that the portfolio management processes are enabled properly\." A programme of work for the implementation of a strategy is a large set of coherent guidelines that include several activities in the program so as to achieve certain objectives. It involves several processes including organising, coordination, developing, designing, training, building, developing, growing, closing, etc. In any program strategy for a project, the objectives of the organisation play a very important role. We will write a custom essay sample on Bahram Ahmadi or any similar topic only for you Order Now The project program strategy gives importance to the manager that would be responsible for carrying out the operations of the project, the timing and the nature of the activities, and the dealing with specific tastes of the customers. Project program strategy is highly specific to a project. However, there may be more than one strategy to be employed to meet the objectives of the project. During the planning stages, the managers would sit down to develop a strategy. These strategies are developed so as to be appropriate with the characteristics of the organisation, human resources, geographical location, social features, politics, etc (Walter, 1999). For each project in an organisation, the program of work (workflow as such) is managed independently. The project manager would be looking at several limitations in the resources, including time, money and the scope. A project may fail due to several reasons (including deficiency of resources, lack of goals, conflict issues, problems with the customers, etc), and the manager would have to anticipate these problems right during the initiation of the project and ensure that a problem-solving process is enabled. Each project manager would be determining the ongoing processes in the project through monitoring and evaluation of the performances. The project manager would have to adopt different strategies so that the organisation could achieve certain objectives and hence reach a desired goal (Brentani, 2003, Walter, 1999, University of Texas, 2007 Rad, 2006). The process of developing a strategy for the project is very simple. The managers would have to sit down and decide the various objectives that need to be achieved by the project. The means of achieving such objectives need to be discussed. The manager should involve other parties including the administration, the portfolio manager and the stakeholders. It may be very difficult to come to a consensus if too many people are involved in the process. This is because several people may have different values, outlines and approaches. The process of setting up the objectives, determining the goals and the ways of achieving them is very tedious and could take a long time. The manager should associate the strategy needed to achieve the objectives. During the final stages, the manager would have to also ensure that the strategy/ies adopted help to meet the objectives (Walter, 1999) On the other hand, portfolio of the project management is an approach in which various projects in an organisation are treated as smaller portions of a much larger venture (with respect to investment and resource allocations). The project portfolio management would be functional right from the initiation of the project to the very completion. Certain instruments are utilised in the portfolio project management to help the managers (including planning, allocation of resources, evaluation, monitoring, analysing, standardization, etc). This can be considered as a centralised instrument required to effectively handle several projects in an organisation and to study the performance of several projects that may run in an organisation. It can be utilised to compare and contrast various projects. One very important feature of project portfolio management is to determine the costs, expenditure, benefits, investments and other features of the project. In recent years portfolio management has turned out to be a very important aspect of planning, especially in IT firms. IT companies would be managing several projects and programs running in various parts of the world through an effective portfolio management system. Studies conducted in the past have demonstrated a little less than half of the IT companies are unable to meet their targets due to inefficient portfolio management (Oracle, 2007, Stanford University, 2007 UMT Consulting Services, 2007). The portfolio manager mix of projects should be such that the resources of the organisation are utilised effectively. They should be selected in such a way that the risks are significantly reduced. The portfolio manager is in a good position to priortize the projects and accordingly allocates the resources. He should be able to select the project based on their ability to fulfil certain criteria (Crow, 2004 Oracle, 2007). A portfolio management system would be much broader and would include several other processes such as defining the opportunities, bringing those projects into the focus that would be able to achieve some objectives, monitoring of the projects, etc. Portfolio management should be considered to be an art rather than a science. Frequently, portfolio managers would have to work with the fund managers of the organisation, so that there is effective use of the money. Portfolio management is frequently utilised in several developed, and slowly developing nations are moving towards effective portfolio management (Crow, 2004, Brentani, 2003 Rad, 2006). A portfolio management system is often utilised by an organisation to bring about success in the project (as many projects could be effectively be handled simultaneously). A portfolio may be funds or resources and can be utilised by the organisation to increase returns over a very short period of time. An organisation would observe that the resources available at any point of time would be less than the amount of resources required by a particular project. Hence, one of the main objectives of the portfolio managers would be to effectively manage the resources of several ongoing projects. The management of the organisation needs to sit and figure out what the commitment of the organisation would actually be. As management of an organisation is a dynamic process, this exercise has to be done from time to time. Besides, actually managing several resources including human resources, logistics, IT, support systems, etc, time also needs to be handled. The management should be very much interested in ensuring that the portfolio management processes are enabled properly. You read "Bahram Ahmadi" in category "Papers" The organisation should ensure that the interests of each and every protject are enabled. If a project is not performing properly, the ideal plan would be to discontinue it, if the organisation does not have the resources to handle it. A proper flow of information of the project should exist so that the process of monitoring is effective. It is very important that the projects be managed in a formal and official manner. The data that would be flowing would be much more accurate and effective in ensuring the objectives of the organisation are met. There should be a clear flow of data between the programs, projects and the portfolios (Brentani, 2003, Walter, 1999, Rad, 2006). In the portfolio management, all the projects that are ongoing in the organisation are chosen and a standardised fashion of evaluating them is utilised. Portfolio management is very much required for the production, development and the utilisation of ideas and intellectual property in various projects in an organisation. The portfolio manager would be performing various tasks such as reallocating and promoting the staff members (as per their characteristics) in various projects. Thus it can be seen that if an organisation has a very good portfolio manager, he would be using the human resources very efficiently (UMT Consulting Group, 2007). The entire framework of portfolio management involves three steps, namely creating, selecting and managing. The goals and the strategies to be adopted in the portfolio management are made keeping in mind the characteristics of the organisation. Accordingly, new opportunities that are present should be identified and resources allocated. The objectives have to be prioritised and the tasks and activities that are to be done are selected. Finally, it is also important that the project be managed in the most efficient and organised manner (UMT Consulting Group, 2007). Many organisations do not have any portfolio management process running. Only the companies that feel that research frequently perform it and development is vital for the well being of the company. Only about 10 % of all organisations in the industry do have a strong portfolio management system in place. If a portfolio management system were not in place, then all the projects in the organisation would be given equal amount of importance or authorisation. This would result in all the projects that are going on in the organisation are given equal amount of resources (Rad, 2006). In an organisation, the project or the program manager would ensure that the project could achieve its objectives. On the other hand, the portfolio manager would ensure that the operational activities and the maintenance programs in the organisation are smooth and functional. The team leader and the middle scale managers usually do the project management. On the other hand, the higher staff members including the administration do the portfolio management. The higher management of the organisation would be concentrating on the portfolio, rather than the functioning of each individual project (Brentani, 2003 Rad, 2006). In a project or a program management, the team leaders and the manager would ensure that the staff members meet the specific goals of the project. The organisations main aim would be to deliver quality products or services. The portfolio manager would instead be ensuring that the goals of each and every project are in tune with that of the organisation. In the project management, a lot of importance is given to completing the tasks on time and ensuring that costs are limited. On the other hand, the portfolio management would be concentrating to a very less extent on fulfilling completion tasks on time and using the minimal amount of resources. The members of the portfolio management team would include the leader, the stakeholder, advocates, project managers and the office managers (Brentani, 2003, Stanford University, 2007 Rad, 2006). The project or the program management should work in coordination with the portfolio management. Several processes in the project such as selection of the resources, prioritisation of the targets of the project, and the resource allocation should be performed in the most appropriate manner. The decision-making of the project needs to be very active and dynamic in nature. Informed decision-making and resource allocation is very important for the project to function properly. The project or program manager has to ensure that certain structures or a framework in the organisation is in place before the functional activities can be carried out. The project environment should be such that the objectives kept in mind can be achieved. The program manager and the portfolio manager should ensure that an environment is created that would be conducive to achieving the objectives of the organisation. The project members should function as a team so that the objectives are met. The team working on the project should have the skill, experience, knowledge and the competence to carry out the tasks of the project. One of the main reasons why projects do not succeed is because they may take long time to produce the results or may consume a lot of the resources. To ensure the project is effective (to ensure completion of the tasks) and efficient (completion of the tasks with appropriate use of the resources) in its objectives, it is very much needed that both the project management and the portfolio management work in close coordination with each other (Brentani, 2003 Rad, 2006). The management activities of the portfolio management would be repetitive in nature. On the other hand, the management activities of the project management would be cyclic in nature. If the portfolio manager can take care of the functioning of all the projects, then the organisation can be considered to be very competitive. If a project does well, it would have an impact on the functioning of the organisation, but also on other projects (Brentani, 2003 Rad, 2006). Portfolio management would definitely help the organisation to grow, expand and develop. The wealth of the organisation would increase with an effective portfolio management strategy. The portfolio manager would be bringing in various assets (including infrastructure, support systems, financial resources, human resources, logistics, etc) and securities into the organisation. He would be considering investing in various ways including growth stock investing and value stock investing. From time to time, the objectives of the organisation would vary and hence, it is the duty of the portfolio managers to vary the investment pattern in the organisation. A greater amount of flexibility would be required. The management style of the portfolio managers should also vary depending on the needs (Brentani, 2003). A portfolio manager and the program/project manager would be concentrating on different characteristics of the project. The portfolio manager would be using the PPM (project portfolio management) tools, whereas the project manager would be using the single-project management tools. The PPM tools would ensure that the functioning becomes more and more efficient, the costs are effectively distributed and the profits of the organisation are increased. It also ensures that the organisation is following a particular framework whilst managing the projects (Brentani, 2003 UMT, 2007). Each project has to be carefully planned and implemented in the organisation. The entire project management should be done in phases. The project management tools would ensure that the staff members make effective use of the resources in the organisation and ensure completion of the targets that are required within the project. The project manager would have to motivate the staff so that the work is improved in quality and the project is able to achieve its targets. Only if the management practises of the project are appropriate, could it be able to achieve its objectives (Free Management Library, 2007, Brentani, 2003 Rad, 2006). The program strategy would be concerning a greater amount of internal issues with relation to the project, whereas the project portfolio management would be concerning the external issues. It is necessary that the portfolio mangers align their objectives as per the strategic objectives of each program. The portfolio processes should be customised to suit other management processes that would be functional in the organisation, simultaneously. Both program strategy management and portfolio management involve interacting with the clients, and hence demonstrate the importance of clients with respect to management and its processes (Stanford University, 2007). References: Brentani, C. (2003), Portfolio Management, Elsevier, Philadelphia http://books. google. com/books? id=8LJrilH_eEECpg=PT14dq=portfolio+managementsig=x-IYrHl67RaZTocKedqv_fTBX3w#PPT16,M1 Crow, K. (2004), A Practical Approach To Portfolio Management, [Online], Available: http://www. npd-solutions. com/portfolio. html, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. Free Management Library (2007), Project Management, [Online], Available: http://www. managementhelp. org/plan_dec/project/project. htm, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. Oracle (2007), Peoplesoft Enterprise Project Portfolio Management, [Online], Available: http://www. oracle. com/media/peoplesoft/en/pdf/datasheets/e_epm_ds_projportmgmt_41005. pdf, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. Rad, P. F. Levin, G. (2006), Project Portfolio Management, IIL, New York. http://books. google. com/books? id=PUavbSMdP7QCpg=PA7dq=project+portfolio+managementsig=Nwscmbzr4s8B_X2cHG26-1hiW9Y#PPA10,M1 Stanford Advanced Project Management (2007), Mastering the Project Portfolio, [Online], Available: http://apm. stanford. edu/courses/MPP. html, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. Stanford University (2007), Portfolio Management Team, [Online], Available: http://www. stanford. edu/dept/its/projects/PMO/files/pmt. html, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. Walter, S. L. (1999), Defining and developing program strategies, [Online], Available: http://www. sil. org/lingualinks/literacy/PlanALiteracyProgram/DefiningAndDevelopingProgramSt. htm, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. Walter, S. L. (1999), Defining program objectives, [Online], Available: http://www. sil. org/lingualinks/literacy/PlanALiteracyProgram/DefiningProgramObjectives. htm, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. UMT Consulting Services (2007), PPM – Project Portfolio Management Consulting, [Online], Available: http://www. umt. com/site/PPM-Consulting_60. html? PHPSESSID=9917b5631be27d19dbb1d077885e2866, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. UMT Consulting Group (2007), What’s Really Driving the Importance of Portfolio Management? (DM Review, February 27, 2004), [Online], Available: http://www. umt. com/site/Why-Portfolio-Management_4. html, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. University of Texas –DIIA (2007), Project management tutorial, [Online], Available: http://www. utexas. edu/academic/cit/howto/tutorials/project/index. html, [Accessed: 2007, August. How to cite Bahram Ahmadi, Papers

Business Process Management Report

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Process Management Report. Answer: Introduction This report will look the aspects of cloud computing in delivering better business process management. The report looks at the review of article BPM in the Cloud and with it we would also look at the supporting evidence. We will also look at the effect of cloud and other access platforms. Apart from this we will look at the effect of reduced upfront costs. Apart from this we can also look at the effect of change in business IT systems. There are several influences of an IT based system. We look into each of these aspects. SaaS as a Hardware, Installation and Hosting Platform Since the absence of client software made SaaS very popular. The technology change was not very huge but the big change came up for BPM in terms of product design. Initially the cost structure made the cost of hosting and maintenance getting transferred from the buyer to the vendor this reflected a major issue for the cloud system. Then we can look at the complex VPN network which makes it difficult to login to the client system since VPN connectivity needs to be there. As per other supportive reports, SMAC based technologies have a market share that has been rising at the rapid pace of 20% CAGR. Hence there have been several steep rises. We can also see that there are several enhancements that have led to a higher growth over the years. But out of all the SMAC technologies cloud services have witnessed the maximum growth and market significance due to ease in adaptability. The proliferation of the SMAC based technology market indicates a rapid development towards this kind of a market. B2B Collaboration The ease of B2B collaboration increases with cloud systems. When collaborating with people in other companies, effective firewall systems that have an internalized corporate system become difficult to use. The on-server installation costs can be reduced. There are a large number of smaller deployments and procedures that are not very feasible. For BPM services there has been a struggle to integrate the ease of sharing cases and other task orientations with other forms of collaborative spaces in the context of a number of companies. Hence the B2B collaborative effort is reduced. The other companies have capabilities to develop in this technology space while Apple does not have the same. They have also lagged behind when it comes to internet services. Reduction in Upfront Investment The on-server installation costs can be reduced. There are a large number of smaller deployments and procedures that are not very feasible. Large organizations are process oriented that deem the fitness of the BPM process. Without the upfront investments and procedural challenges the upfront investment reduces significantly (Watfa, Najjar, Cheikha and Buali 2015). Let us take the example of Apple Not being able to scale up its SMAC based services especially the cloud services is a deep rooted challenge for Apple. The other companies have capabilities to develop in this technology space while Apple does not have the same. They have also lagged behind when it comes to internet services. These include the failure of Apple Maps, MobileMe and others. They do not have internal talent to bridge this gap. They need to look for external hires. Apple is internally driven and do not believe in inorganic growth to achieve the closure of gap between the capability and the desired end product. There will always been a higher threat of misalignment, Cloud has substituted the traditional way of data storage and availability. Hence an inflection point should be reached to ensure that there will be greater proliferation of efficient consumer friendly platforms. Cloud has brought in the focus of the business upon the consumers. Consumers would not leave and disengage due to the way cloud computing is handled since they operate in the rare space of technology at ease which gives into a wide range of products into the main fold of SMAC based technologies. End Users and Clients Bring your own BPM solution becomes very difficult for execution. Thus making the solutions self-driven, which might lack in other processes. The IT department selection process often involves a request for proposal (RFP). These request for proposals contain whatever the vendors can do with the given problem. Thus the features are added and hence the vendors find this as a big driver. RFPs and analyst firms have pushed BPM solutions to include more features and functions but this has become increasingly difficult to curtail costs since there are implicit costs which have been rising. The traditional methods of competing are no longer in use to long term sustenance. Companies need to think out of the box and apply that knowledge to get the best results. These results determine the effect of companies that can bring about a revolutionary change in their approach. This leads to the development of a far more integrated strategy. Market beliefs and marketing techniques are not specific they cannot be fixated by a single technique. Blue Ocean strategy can also be seen to have impacted the value innovation model (Subramanian, V., Mungi, A., Sivakumar, and Viswanathan 2013). This technique looks into the aspects of value orientation and calls for a Reconstructionist view to understand the impact of newly defined changes in market launch and sustenance. There are several examples in recent context that depict a blue ocean strategy. Dynamics Change in Business and IT The two have widely changed over the years owing to the effect of IT integration and IT landscape. In one of the research articles we come across cloud computing and elasticity. This shows the change in the way IT is perceived these days it has become a revenue function for many organizations. There are points in the seminar process where the Salesforce accounts are not forced as accounts. There are integrations between the BPM system and the external systems. There are dependency changes in the way consuming data is concerned (Schulte, Janiesch, Venugopal, Weber, and Hoenisch 2015). There are several aspects of process modelling and clutter based process diagram. Thus the process of non-technical business people to start to data dependencies thus preventing business people to change process freely. Then comes the impact of clear division between end users and IT people (Meyer, Louridas, Steijaert, Galeazzi, Ruda, and Radojevic 2013). We can also see that there have been a large numb er of coordination among people that leads to a greater systematic integration and coordination among people. Thus there are system integration challenges that have been faced. There is no system integration is required so managers can keep the changes in process until there is stability reached also there is a measurable and valuable appreciation of the technical system integrations. From Collaboration to Processes As we discussed above how are collaborative efforts integrated to give a resultant process orientation. Thus the process of social collaboration and cloud BPM solution with the advantage of looking at the effects of an incubation process of a large portion of work that comes through. There are also salient challenges of spotting a user pattern with a template based process as a natural step must be taken into consideration. The primary focus has to be the user experience and other collaborative areas of concern and solidarity (Zhao and Yue 2013). Thus the use of ACM based features. The cloud industry is healthy in terms of its market share of migration with close to 40% of the IT application base. The distribution network of cloud based systems is primarily based on its own franchise store ability. The flagship cloud computing systems bring the effect of single brand retail stores that can help get a foothold of the businesses. The store layout itself is an innovation and creative angle (Jiang, Le, Wang, Sun and He 2011). Next comes the concept of cloud management and business process integration. The typical issue is about the BPM purchase scenarios. We would also look at how the Cloud brand operates in the minds of the end consumer. The situation analysis will reflect how Cloud has led to a greater proliferation of market geographies. Cloud has even reached the stages on maintenance in a number of applications (Payne 2016). Master data of assets creation and their ID creation becomes easier with cloud based system. We can also see that the promoter organizations look into the aspects of pushing the IT interface onto the BPM product. There are several managers that look into the benefits of Cloud BPM services that allow seamless registry and other dependency initiatives. The future strategy is still based on innovation and design hence cloud systems must look at building better processes. Cloud systems are inter dependable and can cease to exist if there are several issues of marginalization. Cloud is thus the way forward in terms of process architecture. Cloud based systems have seen the privilege of brand loyal customers. This indicates the effect of brand conscious consumers in this technology savvy industry space. The cloud revolution has brought in plethora of products have also been more durable and so is the SMAC based technology too. The designs have always been revolutionary. In the recent edition they have gone wireless. They are also trying to work on holographic screens. Compatibility is a little challenge since all of their products are compatible with other cloud integrated products which Android has compatibility with Windows Azure (Muthusamy and Jacobsen 2010). Cloud has been the competitive advantaged platform for a long time. As we can see that the six skills mentioned are the core advantages that Cloud computing plays on. It is a complete solution with a music player I Pod, then comes the tablet PC which is fairly advanced in its features. The next feature is rapid innovation that Cloud has seen. It is majorly due to the effect of technology changes that have engulfed this company for long. They have reacted in a very swift fashion to get a market leader position in the smartphone cloud phase (Mircea and Andreescu 2011). The cloud system has changes multifold cloud has pioneered as the best designer, it started off with a networking environment. But they have now gone into the best personal computing space. They have other salient products that have both personal and professional significance. The cloud computing space here stands for innovation led technology change (Skarlat, Hoenisch, and Dustdar 2015).Cloud is thus not just a parameterized performance platform it has proven to be highly scalable and performance driven platform. Cloud technologies have greater scalability and performance compared to the old data base structures. With the increase of data and the role of Data Analytics. Big Data based cloud platforms should drive the future for some time. Thus we can see that Cloud is one of the best revolutions that the world of IT has seen for long. Conclusion Thus we have seen how the impact of cloud and the transformation has been witnessed over the years. We can also see how the designs have always been revolutionary. In the recent edition they have gone wireless. The distribution network of cloud based systems is primarily based on its own franchise store ability. We have thus seen SaaS as a Hardware, Installation and Hosting Platform, B2B cloud collaboration as well as the differentiation between clients and end users. The IT department selection process often involves a request for proposal (RFP). And these RFPs lead to a better understanding of the business process and willingness of the vendor to develop a cloud platform. These include the failure of Apple Maps, MobileMe and others. They do not have internal talent to bridge this gap. Hence we can see that there has been sustained effect of the cloud based system that will look into the aspects of complete scope of business for cloud based systems. There is also an effect of product management and program management. The articles here consider cloud having huge potential but there has to be synch with other upcoming technologies. References Muthusamy, V. and Jacobsen, H.A., 2010, September. BPM in cloud architectures: Business process management with SLAs and events. InInternational Conference on Business Process Management(pp. 5-10). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Mircea, M. and Andreescu, A.I., 2011. Using cloud computing in higher education: A strategy to improve agility in the current financial crisis.Communications of the IBIMA. Jiang, J., Le, J., Wang, Y., Sun, J. and He, F., 2011, October. The BPM Architecture Based on Cloud Computing. InKnowledge Acquisition and Modeling (KAM), 2011 Fourth International Symposium on(pp. 196-198). IEEE. Payne, L., 2016. Adding and configuring environments for users. Schulte, S., Janiesch, C., Venugopal, S., Weber, I. and Hoenisch, P., 2015. Elastic Business Process Management: State of the art and open challenges for BPM in the cloud.Future Generation Computer Systems,46, pp.36-50. Watfa, M.K., Najjar, N.A., Cheikha, J. and Buali, N., 2015, October. A New Framework for Cloud Business Process Management. InInternational Conference on Cloud Computing(pp. 83-92). Springer International Publishing. Subramanian, V., Mungi, A., Sivakumar, G. and Viswanathan, R., International Business Machines Corporation, 2013.Archival management of business processes in a cloud environment. U.S. Patent Application 13/910,442. Purcell, J.L., Supakkul, T.K., Thomas, M. and Wong, J., International Business Machines Corporation, 2013.Dynamically optimized distributed cloud computing-based business process management (BPM) system. U.S. Patent 8,504,400. Skarlat, O., Hoenisch, P. and Dustdar, S., 2015, August. On Energy Efficiency of BPM Enactment in the Cloud. InInternational Conference on Business Process Management(pp. 489-500). Springer International Publishing. Meyer, K., Louridas, P., Steijaert, A., Galeazzi, F., Ruda, M. and Radojevic, B., 2013. Cloud Service Delivery Across the RE Community-Opportunities and Risks. InEUNIS 2013 Congress Proceedings(Vol. 1, No. 1). Zhao, R. and Yue, C., 2013, February. All your browser-saved passwords could belong to us: a security analysis and a cloud-based new design. InProceedings of the third ACM conference on Data and application security and privacy(pp. 333-340). ACM.