Gender Segregation in ClassroomÂÂ

Gender segregation in educational institutions has been a subject of great deliberation as well as conflict. Proponents of single-sex schools give religious and orthodox arguments to assert that gender segregation is beneficial for the society on an aggregate level. However, critically evaluating the socio-economic situation of the world at present, one can very rightfully decipher that gender segregation fosters and give rise to gender disparity and inequality which is ultimately detrimental to a society in terms of development and progress. From my initial elucidation on the subject of gender segregation, it can rightly be discerned that I, keeping in view, the contemporary mode of life, is strongly in negation of gender segregation in classroom due to the fact that it gives a great chance for the gender imbalance to thrive and prosper which on the long run is extremely unhealthy for any society in modern times. One of the most important roles that can be played in correcting this state of affair is that of parents. Most of the times, it is no one else but a child's own parents who regards that their daughter/son must be taught separately without the interruption by any student of the opposite gender. Gender differences grow deeper in non-segregated schools and myths regarding men's and women's cognitive differences are highlighted more. One of the strongest reasons that underlie the negation of gender segregation in educational institutions, particularly at an initial school level, is primarily the fostering impact that it has on inequality. In his article entitled â€Å"should boys and girls be taught separately in our schools†, the author Ellie Mulcahy critically analyzes and evaluates both sides of the story; the one supporting gender segregation in schools and the one negating it. According to the author and other experts studying the same dilemma , we can assert that when boys and girls are taught separately in schools, the myths regarding men's and women's cognitive differences are highlighted and inculcated or embedded more strongly and deeply into the young minds of the students. The irony however lies in the fact that these differences have no such concrete basis and are just a form of irrational myths that has long been utilized by male chauvinists to gain advantage over the female specie. The writer further stresses that contrary to the mass believe that gender differences casts an immense impact on learning patterns or preferences, the research has not indicated or proved any such thinking (Mulcahy,2017) . This translates to the at that gender differences originated not biologically but is a result of psychological efforts to devalue a woman and disregard her rights to satisfy male ego. Furthermore, many times parents of the students think it right to segregate girls and boys in relation to the gender myths. David Holthose mentions in his article called â€Å"Gender segregation: Separate but effective?† a statement made by girl and which got affirmation from her parent too saying that girls don't question much when boys are around owing to their shyness. (Holthose,2010). This mindset of parents needs to be altered for good. In addition to this, even if some gender differences occur in learning they can possibly not be generalized and hence are subjected to some individual differences. Therefore, we can assert that co-education helps removing perceived and mythical gender differences in learning processes. Co-education helps avoiding gender stereotypes and the students learn gender fairness. David Holthouse has beautifully dealt with the subject of gender segregation in schools in his 2010 article entitled â€Å"Gender segregation: Separate but effective?†. The entire article is suffused with real life examples and testimonies and thinking of teachers, parents, students and experts and hence provides a holistic understanding of the matter. One of the parents named Mark Jones (his views being cited in the same article) regards that through this gender segregation in schools and supporting this form of education serves to support nothing but irrational ideas about gender coming from the â€Å"dark ages†. Students learn gender fairness when they study in co-educational institutions and the supposed ‘weaker gender' gets a chance to compete. The traditional â€Å"heroic behavior† and â€Å"good character† gets reinforced in single sex schools. (Holthouse,2010). By this we mean that boys in single sex schools are made to learn to be more competitive, aggressive and dominating while girls are trained to be more cooperative shy and quiet. Hence, there is more focus on reinforcing gender stereotypes which ultimately creates noncompetitive and least exposed women in future and it is due to this that the social crimes against women such as domestic violence, sexual violence, and other related crimes against women occur worldwide. The roots of such frustrations against women have a long history and schools serve as an institution where such initial judgments are formed. A stark example is given in the article when the author points out that in one specific 6th grade class in segregated school when boys were asked to brainstorm some words they were all related to action and aggressiveness and the girls were asked to imagine their â€Å"dream wedding cake† thereby indirectly telling them that they must think in the terms of gender. This ultimately keeps them away from developing any form of compassion towards opposite gender. In addition to this, boys took more STEM subjects (Science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and girls were inclined to take softer subjects such as Arts and drama and this is reinforced only in single-sex school setting. Conclusively, we can say safely assume that co-education lead students of both gender compete and remove gender specific expectation and roles.Many parents from the West as well as a lot of Muslim parents regard it good for their children especially the girls to get educated in a segregated school because of the free mixing of girls and boys in coeducational institution which can lead to teenage crimes but since this attitude depends on the nurture, children must not be segregated on the basis of this idea. Eventually they will step into a mix world and this attitude of parents will halt their interpersonal skills.Co-education prepares students to learn how to deal with opposite genders as they ultimately had to face in practical lives. Yet another reason for negating gender segregation is because of the fact that since this world is integrated and a mixture of both genders, students when practically exposed to the world won't find it difficult to settle if they have had a combined education system. Never in this century one could possibly find a road where only women are driving, or a departmental store where only men are shopping, or a club where only men are dancing and hence to survive in the corporate world, gender segregation must be dealt with opposition.The proponents of gender segregation in schools are of the view that because of the difference in the learning patterns of girls and boys, they must be segregated. This view also occurs on an online debating platform called debate.org where in order to support their stance on the subject they were of the view that to reach their maximum potential, girls and boys must be kept separately from each other's influence (Debate.org). In addition to this, the intimacies between girls and boys that occur quite easily in co-educational situations have been cited as one of the arguments against non-segregated schools. Although the latter claim by opposition might be true to some extent as seen in the increase in intimation, it can be controlled by enforcing strict rules and regulations. The former view point of segregating them on the basis of their different learning capabilities serve as a support to the already present gender inequity and discrimination faced by females in work places. Also, once they enter their professional lives, children from segregated schools find it hard to catch up with the mixed environment. According to Emily Martin, Deputy Director of the ACLU Women' Rights Program, gender segregation in schools cannot possibly boost learning by either sex because there has been no proven instance of this claim and the thinking that gender differences in cognitive patterns are there too, has no evidence whatsoever. (Holthhose, 2010. While the intimacy argument can be dealt with the inclusion of strict atmosphere in schools and schooling over maintaining a good distance amongst themselves, the opposition view of gender differences in learning only gives a toll to this social disease of gender inequality.Gender segregation must rightfully be dealt with opposition because it serves as a great propagator of gender inequality, strengthens gender myths regarding differences in the learning pattern, snatches the women right to competition and hence is detrimental to society. Therefore, coeducation must be supported so that gender integration and an ultimate success can be achieved.In the light of above arguments, it can be rightfully discerned that in order to uproot the social vices such as gender inequality and foster a modern growth and improvement in our societies, gender segregation in schools must be opposed. Since parents form a great part of their children's lives, they must treat their children openly and attend workshops or lectures where both can get a chance to work out the conflicts regarding this and enjoy the eventual enlightenment and benefits of it.ReferencesShould schools be segregated by gender? (n.d.). Retrieved February 08, 2018, from http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-schools-be-segregated-by-genderHolthouse, D. (2010). Gender Segregation: Separate but Effective? Teaching Tolerence Issue 36.Retrived from: https://www.tolerance.org/magazine/spring-2010/gender-segregation-separate-but-effectiveMulchay,E.(2017). Should boys and girls be taught separately in our schools? The Guardian ,Opinions. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/14/gender-segregation-state-schools-disaster-damage-children

French Educational System Compared to the American System Essay

France and the United States have numerous striking differences and tastes in almost all cultural aspects. The French education system has been criticized globally by scholars and experts in various career fields for its failure to provide a flexible, all-round education. However, it has also received praise and recognition by the world at large for its significant contribution to the field of mathematics, with the revolution in banking in the late 20th century pioneered by French mathematicians. The United States education system, on the other hand, is increasingly receiving favor by international students for its provision of high class, market friendly education, despite the current criticism on the high cost of education. This paper compares the French and the American education systems. There are many differences, as well as similarities, in the French and the US education systems. One of the major aspects which have raised concern is on higher education. In both countries, higher education is given high priority, and in the US, for instance, the majority of adults are college educated. In France, higher education is also highly valued, with a person’s popularity and respect increasing as she or he advances in education. A significant difference in the higher education in both France and the US, however, is on the entrance process to university. In the French education system, before one can gain access to university studies, the final exam, the Baccalaureat, or the â€Å"Bac† is mandatory. The â€Å"Bac† is a rigorous school-leaving examination with no multiple choice questions and includes a written part and an oral part, with several subjects each. The â€Å"Bac† is highly valued in the nation so much that despite numerous criticisms from scholars globally to change the system and implement other selection methods, the nation has refused to change it. (Understandfrance. org, 2008) Despite the tough examination system, the French have no other university selection method. The nationwide â€Å"no selection† policy has raised controversy from scholars worldwide who find the method not sufficient for a thorough process. College selection in the US however, is very vigorous and students undergo numerous processes before gaining entrance to college. Selection is comprised of practices such as writing a personal statement, attending an interview, being involved in extra curricular activities among of course, the class ranking and the grades earned in high school courses taken. Recommendations too, by responsible persons are also considered before one can gain entrance into any higher institution of learning. A major reason which has made many international students prefer the higher education system in the United States over that in France in the recent past is the many facilities and services offered in US institutions. Issues such as overcrowding in lecture halls, for instance, are not experienced in majority of US institutions, although quite evident in most of the universities in France. Such prestige, however, comes at a cost. College tuition fees in the US can in no way be comparable to France, where education, interestingly, at all levels is almost free and only 26 percent of university students receive scholarships. (Understandfrance. org, 2008) Tuition fees is so high in the US, such that scholarships alone cannot cater for the students; the majority of US students receive either loans, grants or both from the government, so as to cater for their tuition fees. The government, in fact cannot sufficiently cater for the tuition needs of all the students, and private sources are increasingly becoming normal. Grants and loans are even not enough, and many students opt to sign up to study over the internet, in the many obviously questionable free online courses. Another striking difference in the education systems of both France and the United States is their curriculum. The French curriculum has been criticized globally for its failure to connect to the world market. Many demonstrations have been staged by French students, for decades and although there have been reforms; the reforms have not been good enough to cater for the current market demand. The US system, on the other hand, has diverse and flexible curricula, with a wide range of topics, from nuclear science to dance. As opposed to the French curricula, where extra curricular activities such as sports, musical groups and numerous clubs are not recognized in the curricula and where one can only have private classes for the same, in the US, such activities are given high priority. They can also be found in US institutions, both public and private. The flexibility of the US education system is what has made it the most preferred by international students worldwide, since they can have access to almost all interested areas of study. Unemployment, as a result is not as prevalent in the US as it is in France, with the recent demonstrations by French students to find solutions to the problem. The French are recognized as a literacy community, where education levels determine a person’s status. The more one advances in education, the more recognized she or he gets. This is a belief not common in the US. This general belief is what makes the education valued so greatly, with most French students spending most of their time in classroom related activities, allowing no room for other activities such as music and art related fields. Highly educated people in France in especially the globally viewed â€Å"tough† subjects such as mathematics, are given great respect, with the not very successful in education, despite their circumstances or other achievements, looked down upon and not recognized. In the United States, however, education levels are not given such respect and other issues such as healthcare are given more weight even politically. It is not surprising to note that the richest Americans are college dropouts, big names such as William Gates III. This notwithstanding, the education facilities in the United states are the best compared to other institutions worldwide. Despite critics arguing that French schools tend to make students theoretical and uncreative, French academic standards are high and discipline is strict. This is however not the case in the American education system, where the use of drugs is common especially in junior high and high schools. This problem has remained a major problem in the US for many years. (Hall, 1990, 99-102 & 144) Education, over the years, has played a very important role in the development of individuals and a nation. It is important to note that both the French and American education systems should be improved, in certain features, as aforementioned, such as eradicating the drug use in US schools, making the French system more market friendly and more relevant to the current market stage, and improving the overcrowded high education institutions. This move would in the long run, make both of the systems stronger, hence ensuring effectiveness in both; an important catalyst in the road to globalization. Works Cited: Hall M. R. (1990) Understanding Cultural Differences: Germans, French and Americans (Intercultural Press) Understandfrance. org (2008): Education in France. Retrieved December 2nd 2008 from: http://www. understandfrance. org/France/Education. html

Aristotle and Modes of Persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aristotle and Modes of Persuasion - Essay Example This essay takes an inauguration speech of USC President C.L. Max Nikias, in which he was attempting to convince his audience that it is time for some sweeping change in direction at the university in just about every facet of its operation, and analyses it using Aristotle's modes of persuasion. It was Aristotle who first identified ethos, pathos and logos. Ethos sounds like ethics and can be thought of as the ethics or character of the person speaking. â€Å"Aristotle says that if we believe that a speaker has ‘good sense, good moral character, and goodwill,’ we are inclined to believe what that speaker says to us†. Since it is almost impossible for us to know people to the same degree as they might have way back then, we tend to depend on the speaker’s credentials – their professional associations, the work that they’ve done, any awards they’ve received. Pathos sounds a little bit like passion and refers to an appeal to the audienceâ €™s emotions. What Aristotle recognized was that people are often moved more by their emotions than they are by their reason. â€Å"Appeals to the emotions and passions are a very effective rhetorical technique, and very common in our society. Many advertisements for consumer goods aim at making us insecure about our attractiveness or social acceptability, and then offer a remedy for this feeling in the form of a product†. Some of the most common emotions that are appealed to are anger, fear and pity because these emotions move people most. Logos sounds like logic and that is what is intended. Logical reasoning means making an argument based on rational thought. An example might be â€Å"if A + B = C and D + B = C then A and D are the same.† Although it might be possible to prove this statement is true mathematically, it is not always the case that logical reasoning is undeniably true. â€Å"Rhetorical arguments are often based on probabilities rather than certain truth †¦ Persuasion, to a large extent, involves convincing people to accept our assumptions as probably true. Similarly, exposing questionable assumptions in someone else’s argument is an effective means for preparing the audience to accept your own contrary position† (Edlund, 2003). While these three elements of a persuasive argument can be pulled out and discussed individually, in reality, they tend to function together. Within his speech to the students, Dr. Nikias combines all of these elements together in his attempt to convince his audience that he is about to lead this

City plan of Philadelphia. PA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

City plan of Philadelphia. PA - Essay Example Now is the time to set in place a plan for that future so that current and future residents can once again feel the pride and joy from living in the city of ‘brotherly love’ and a home known for its acceptance of immigrants from all cultures and ways of life. This plan for a new Philadelphia is designed to span only ten years, as time cannot be wasted to get the city back on track towards that prosperity and free and independent city that Philadelphia is known for and certainly deserves to realize once again. Philadelphia’s Present Condition Many urban cities in America are currently facing problems of various sorts. Philadelphia is certain no exception. From infrastructure to education, and budgetary to water issues, Philadelphia is currently going through its fair share of challenges that threaten its very existence. One aspect of Philadelphia that has seemingly not changed over the years, however, is the resiliency of the people. The residents of the city are a vid sports fans, devoted to the area, and consist of multiple generations of families that have called Philadelphia home through the centuries. As such, while these conditions paint a dire picture, they do not truly capture the essence and sprit of the city as a whole. Problems can certainly hurt development and growth, but Philadelphia is well positioned to confront any challenge that it faces and often will arise being a stronger and more determined people as a result. Let us consider for a moment the current state of various issues within the city of Philadelphia as a whole. The first noticeable trend is that, after years of decline, the population of the city has recently started to rise once again. This indicates a movement back to the city a trust in the promise of the future, in spite of the current difficulties currently being encountered. In addition, with all of the negatives being encountered by the educational system, it is encouraging to note an increase in test scores. With the passing of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001, Philadelphia has encountered over a decade of failing schools systems and poor performance on mandated state testing. While there is still much work to be done in this regard, and Philadelphia as a whole still possesses a most fractured and disjointed educational system, the progress being currently demonstrated is promising and encouraging to the residents of the city. Prior to 2011, Philadelphia had one of the lowest high school graduation rates of urban cities within the United States. Recently, however, even this statistic has begun to reverse itself into positive territory. There graduation rates throughout the city have actually gone up in recent years, and it is estimated that the percentage of adults that have obtained a college degree is now nearly 23 percent. This is figure that many residents of the city thought they would never see. Truth be told, however, these numbers do not paint the whole story. The physical buildings housing many of the city’s educational institutions are crumbling due to age and lack of proper maintenance. The District has long been plagued with budgetary concerns, and the teacher’s have had numerous labor disagreements with the city in recent years. This, coupled with demographic issues also facing Philadelphia has created a perfect storm of trouble for

Economics of India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics of India - Research Paper Example There was also a transformational of India society and destruction of all structural barriers both foreign and domestic that inhibits the development. The second road led to the transfer of the power to the Indian supporters of traditional classes of imperialism. It led to the continuation of the integration into the imperial system of capitalism that was revolving around the metropolitan powers as a satellite. There was existence of development continuation and the underdeveloped development as a result. Since the Indian economy was controlled by the Britain, Indians had no independence of their own economy. This means that the British people were in dominance of the Indian Economy sectors. After the power transfer, the Indian Rupee was tied and dominated by the British Sterling pound. India thus became a sub-colony of the British imperialists after independence and the domestic classes that ruled enjoyed limited political power which depended and was within the domain of the imperi alists’ powers. European came to India in the 16th century and their main aim was to develop the prospects of trade. The government of British took control and Began to exploit Indians resources and drained of the wealth. The independence was gained after a much efforts and sacrifices by the people of India. India the immediately began to exploit their resources by planning of their needs and resources that is they planned the economic development. In order to achieve the desired level, liberalization and prioritization together was pursued. The economy was a mixture of capitalism and socialism and this has led to the current developed state of India.(Ghosh, 2011 ) As a consequence of the rapid growth and also liberalization , Indian companies have much been involved towards t he ‘look east’ policy that was initiated by India can be pursued with vigor .India is at sectoral dialogue partner of Association of South East Asia Nation .(ASEAN) These sectors includes t ourism , science and technology , trade and investment In the past two decades, it is poised that India will realize a faster growth in the years to come. In the years between 1950 and 1970s, the Indian Economy expanded by 3%. The rate if growth increased to 5.5 % in the 1980s. The rate henceforth increases by 1.2% in the years between 1992 and 1993. Reforms to open up the economy were therefore, embedded and embarked on from 1997-1998 and the growth had to drop to 5.5% and later to 4.4% by the end of years 2002-2003. The drop in the growth was due to poor rains impact which affected the agricultural sector output. In 2003-2004, there a gradual increase in growth which shifted to 8.2%. Such an increase is much needed for provision of employment opportunities for the population of India that is eventually growing. The purpose of the formation of the Indian manufacturing Competitiveness was basically lay down the policies and guidelines on challenges and the opportunities in manufactu ring markets of India and other emerging ones. For the India economy to grow, so as to distribute wealth across all of her people, manufacturing had to have a growth rate from the current standing of 17% to around 30% which require; firstly, production increase and plant level quality. Secondly, it is the pursuit of strategies and the operations of the manufacturing which are world-wide, competitive and lastly, the integration of the supply

Analysis + personal experience - Is Google Making Us Stupid by Essay

Analysis + personal experience - Is Google Making Us Stupid by Nicholas Carr - Essay Example Carr has argued that rapid approach to information by using the internet has led us to become impatient and anxious with reading and has encouraged us to develop the habit of just skimming through material instead of reading it thoroughly. He says â€Å"Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski.†(534) He has further elaborated that the brain of a human acts in response to alterations in technology and so our concentration spans have fallen owing to the impact of the Internet as he says, â€Å"The brain,† according to Olds, â€Å"has the ability to reprogram itself on the fly, altering the way it functions.† (536) Moreover in order to preface his stance he has used some tales from bloggers and has quoted examples from the researchers who have investigated on the topic. He has emphasized on the point that humans have adopted the speed that computers and internet have conveyed them. Carr cites the Kubrick’s prediction â€Å"as we come to rely on computers to mediate our understanding of the world, it is our own intelligence that flattens into artificial intelligence.† (541).The article discusses the deteriorating reading habits of students and the dehumanizing effects of the internet on the lives of the people extensively using it. ... to be devoid of emotions and they work like machines as he quotes â€Å"In deciding when to eat, to work, to sleep, to rise, we stopped listening to our senses and started obeying the clock.†(537) Before the invention of the clock people worked according to their own strength and capability but in today’s century we measure our biological needs from the time shown by the clock. As Carr states â€Å"Thanks to our brain’s plasticity, the adaptation occurs also at a biological level.† (537).Ironically we have taken on the unremitting speed of the machines that were invented to make things easier for us. Carr supports his stance by saying â€Å"When the mechanical clock arrived, people began thinking of their brains as operating â€Å"like clockwork.† (537) Moreover there has been a trend in students to browse and paraphrase whatever they find with a few clicks and instead of analyzing their material properly, they are determined to just skim through i t. Carr in his article states that â€Å"It is clear that users are not reading online in the traditional sense; indeed there are signs that new forms of ‘reading’ are emerging as users ‘power browse’ horizontally through titles, contents pages and abstracts going for quick wins.† (535). The author of the book ‘The death of "why?† the decline of questioning and the future of democracy’ Andrea Batista states â€Å"young people are barely reading what they find anyway_ because internet is changing the very way they read.† The technique with which students now read on the internet is different from the conventional way that had been followed since long. Even Carr states that it is difficult for him to sit and read â€Å"The deep reading that used to come naturally has become a struggle.†(534) students have developed

Global operation and risk management of Qinetiq Group plc 01303 Essay

Global operation and risk management of Qinetiq Group plc 01303 - Essay Example The company holds a business portfolio of military weapons and systems within mode of travelling including land, air and sea (QinetiQ, 2015b). In 2003, LTPA was made with the agreement of providing all means weapons and system to MOD for next five years. In 2006 company repurchased its stakes from the Carlyle group and get IPO status. Value development flow for the business till becoming an IPO entity is depicted below. Currently company is dealing globally for its business and mainly generates revenue from UK and US via generating a strong existence in US market as well. QinetiQ is considered for the assessment of performance and risk management due to its declining performance over last three years and a highly exposed to risk business model in the underlying document. After developing basic grounds of study via reviewing the business and market trends as well as financial performance indicators, an assessment of risk and performance management skills of the company will be presented with proposed recommendations. Understanding the sensitivity-level of the business category, the company operates with the strategy namely â€Å"Organic-plus† strategy with considering customers, people, innovation and productivity as core drivers (QinetiQ, 2014). Reported financial trends of key indicators in the annual report for the year 2014 (QinetiQ , 2014) depict a continuous decline in revenue generation for the company with fluctuations in other drivers as well. However, company claims to be strongly operating and increasing dividends continuously as depicted above. Dealing with two main divisions, company categorizes its revenue generation in three categories namely EMEA, US and global product. EMEA is the leading business and revenue generation unit with UK as the largest geographical and customer country of the business as depicted below. According to the Aerospace and defense industries

Civil society and religious figures in Saudi Arabia - Application to Essay

Civil society and religious figures in Saudi Arabia - Application to Transfer - Essay Example However, after the discovery of vast reserves of petroleum in Saudi Arabia, the country has been a central focus of globalisation, internationalisation and modernisation . This has caused the Basic Law of the country, which is steeped in Sharia to be re-examined and reviewed in order to streamline Saudi Arabia’s laws with the international order. This study has identified in the preliminary analysis that the religious and political leadership have shaped the modern history of Saudi Arabia which has in turn influenced the traditions of the Kingdom. The literature review identifies that the international order of the international community is strongly steeped in the Eurocentric theories and concepts of statehood. This study will seek the end of identifying the variance and similarities between the Western view of civil society and the current Saudi civil society systems and structures. This is because preliminary readings show that there are various variances and limitations in the way and manner through which the two different civil society structures are organized. This is because literature identifies that Saudi Arabia’s political and religious institutions are authoritarian in nature. This is not the same as what exists in the Western world. Thus, the dissertation will focus on the articulation of a new construct that will define a new and completely different set of actionable proposals and principles that can be implemented by public policymakers and key stakeholders in the civic society. The recommendations will be based on the findings and empirical analysis of various approaches used in other parts of the world to attain convergence between local and international civil society groups. The aim of the study is to examine Saudi Arabia’s civil society in the context of international political theory over the past century. In order to attain this end, the following objectives will be

Huxley, Plato Comparison on Education Essay Example for Free

Huxley, Plato Comparison on Education Essay In Plato’s Republic, Plato believed the state was responsible for the education of its citizens for the purpose of their individual enlightenment. Huxley, in his work Brave New World takes this part of Plato’s utopian society and perverts it in order to indoctrinate the citizens of his state. I will attempt to argue that Huxley uses education by the state to indoctrinate its citizens and ultimately undermine Plato’s theory on education by the state for individual enlightenment. The ways in which Huxley uses education to indoctrinate the individual are diverse. Music or rather hypnopaedic sound was used to indoctrinate the citizens while they slept (Kindle, Huxley, loc 385). Eugenics but more precisely the Bokanovsky Process is used along side with Podsnap’s Technique to create the individual. These processes combined allowed the state to alter embryos and make people into whatever the state desired (Kindle, Huxley, loc 84). The use of music to educate the youth was something Plato originally stated in his utopian society. He stresses that when people are young they are more susceptible to influence (Kindle, Plato, loc 8578). Huxley’s state does this as well and plays hypnopaedic sound (music) while the young are sleeping over and over again to indoctrinate them, and slowly alter their thoughts or make them remember certain things. The uses of hypnopaedic sound vary by tones and tongue but are ultimately used to create â€Å"social stability† which is another way of saying â€Å"control of the populace†. Hypnopaedic sound is used to make the citizens never try to fix anything or use old things, but buy new ones instead. One of the sounds for this type of indoctrination is â€Å"ending is better than mending, ending is better than mending† (Kindle, Huxley, loc 1328). This process of convincing people they need to buy things is a way of gaining contentment and satisfaction as well as benefitting the state by creating a consumer society. The saying or sound â€Å"every one belongs to every one else† is also used to create a society where everyone has sex with each other and there are no relationships. The sex is not for procreation but for entertainment seeing as the state creates the individual and regulates childbirth. Plato also favored this sharing in his Utopia but only for his guardian class of citizens. Huxley applied this to his whole society but the sharing is only in-between classes never outside of classes. Another sound to further indoctrinate is â€Å"Every one works for every one else. We can’t do without any one. Even epsilons are useful. We couldn’t do without Epsilons. Every one works for every one else. We cant do without any one†(Kindle, Huxley loc 951). This is a type of farce, seeing as not all the citizens of Huxley’s world perform the same tasks or duties. Hypnopaedic sound is also used to convince people to take soma (Kindle, Huxley loc 2699). â€Å"A gramme in time saves nine† and â€Å"One cubic centimeter cures ten gloomy sentiments† are some of the hypnopaedic sounds used (Kindle, Huxley loc 1140). The drug soma was developed when the government of Huxley’s society took over the pharmaceutical industry. Soma has no side effects except providing an escape for people away from their problems, anxieties or feelings (Kindle, Huxley, loc 1328). This is really another means of control and also perversion by Huxley, which is compounded by hypnopaedic sound. The sound â€Å"everybody’s happy now† is used to make people believe they are happy and if you believe you are happy, you are happy (Kindle, Huxley, loc 968). This form of perverted education by Huxley is how the state indoctrinates the individual but this is just a part of it. Huxley’s world state employs the method of the Bokanovsky’s Process to create or rather grow its citizens some thousands at a time (Kindle, Huxley, loc 84). This process combined with the Podsnap’s Technique allows the state to mold and create the individual into whatever the state dictates by using eugenics. Plato favored a process of eugenics also as a means to breed out imperfection. Huxley took this process to creation itself instead of modification through generations (Kindle, Plato, 1252). This is Huxley’s way of specialization, which Plato also talks about in his utopian educational system as a necessary way for the state to function (Kindle, Plato loc 4953). Huxley perverts this and takes it a step further and does not give the individual a choice in what their life may be. Citizens are grown in tubes and altered by means of chemicals, additives, and even gravitational forces (Kindle, Huxley, loc 170). By these alterations people cannot think or do outside of what their task or assigned job is by the states indoctrination. The citizen can only do what it is made to do by this process and cannot question it’s purpose. In Huxley’s world state everyone regardless of their class is completely content being what they are and nothing else. This is again because they cannot think outside of what they have been made and told to be by hypnopaedic sound and state modification. (Kindle, Huxley, loc 959). Huxley’s education by means of hypnopaedic sound and eugenics indoctrinates the citizens of his world state. This indoctrination keeps the people from questioning authority and the status quo and ultimately makes them slaves to Huxley’s world state. Huxley does a fine job in Brave New World of showing what can be possible after a great tragedy occurs and the people need someone to save them. This tragedy would then lead to drastic changes in the way people live and ultimately lead to a whole brave new world. Huxley’s Brave New World does not seem possible in the actual world. Brave New World is more of a cautionary tale of what if and the totalitarian state. The real world is to globalized now and states are interdependent upon one another but hey what if?

The Relation of Media and Diet between all Female Essay Example for Free

The Relation of Media and Diet between all Female Essay Introduction Problem and its Background Media plays a strong influence on our current social, physical, cultural, spiritual and emotional environment. It is undeniable fact that such intervention has played its utmost part in the development of human culture and society. The various concepts, and colliding ideas and principles are all part of media’s extensive influences. The power of such images flashed in televisions, advertisements, newspapers, and many forms of information relaying system have attained easy formations of trends and social patterns that are primarily an influential figure in the society. Most often than not, these fad triggers the fashion trends, social perspective establishments and most of all, beliefs and concepts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As for this paper, the topic mainly involves the formation of such fad in diet by the influences dealt by every form of media. The social patterns are easily distinguished; however, plays a complex move of action among issues involved. Diet is one of the primary influence products of the media. There are various factors that create such fad and trigger it in the society. Most often than not, these factors captivate the attention and the curiosity of these health-conscious or in worst case, eating impaired individuals or those with eating disorders, and subjects them in such trends of diet. Scope and Limitations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the course of this paper, the following questions are answered using a comprehensive interpretation and analysis that are incorporated in the whole discussion. Each statement is supported by objective data that involves such causation. The following are the objectives of the study imposed in this paper. These queries serve as the primary scope and limitations, as well as objective of the whole study; hence, the whole study revolves only in these posted queries. Do the media play and evident role in terms of influence towards the diet patterns established in the individuals particularly females? If so, provide basis and supporting data in these claims. What are the specific forms of media that affect the formation of such diet trends and primarily influences females? Discussion Historical Perspective Throughout the twentieth century, we can observe many changes in the world of the fashion, beauty industry and most especially diet regimen that are primarily marketed most significantly to women. In specific angles, the physical shape and characteristics of the women portrayed in advertisements have greatly influenced the perspective of the women in today’s time. The female image in the media has changed from being voluptuous and curvaceous in the 1940’s and 1950’s to becoming busty and narrow-hipped from late 1960’s through the 1980’s (Straight 2005, p.12). Today the fad of physical appearance is most evidently slim with manifesting curvatures. These physical appearance has greatly molded the type of diet instilled to women especially those who are very much indulged in achieving such body form. The obsession of such fad has started its move in North America dated 1920’s. the creation   of such fad, which is having an appropriately sized and proportioned body, have increased the women’s self value and esteem from herself, peers, opposite sex and the community itself. Therefore, in order to maintain such physical feature, women require themselves to focus on the rightful diet regimen utilized as well by the fad model in which they patterned their physical interest (Straight 2005, p.13). Media Influences Diet Media is not only limited to visual entertainment but also literature, which is also an influencing factor for diet regimen for females. Diet books, as a genre, became particularly one of the fads in 1950’s and 1960’s, and are considered to be one of the main influencing form of media that influences diet. During this time, some of the best-seller books that have been published are Calories Don’t Count, The Quick Weight Loss Diet and Dr. Atkin’s Diet Revolution, all of which have sold millions of copies, making their authors more like celebrities in their own right through promising readers a way to lose weight quickly and easily (Seale, 2002 p.193). In fact, weight loss programs, diet books, and media advertisements for diet products gave been greatly increasing and expanding now a days. Women are treating these forms of media as their cosmetic fad or indulgence. The fact is diet Medias is one of the increasing multibillion-dollar industries in our current time. As diet commercials have increased, the body size of Playboy centerfolds and Miss America contestants has decreased to the point where many of these individuals, according to the latest research evidences, meet the weight criteria for anorexia nervosa, which is an eating disorder characterized by psychological disinterest of eating due to excessive consciousness in weight and body image (Costin, 1999 p.54). In addition to this scenario, celebrity exercises and diet videos, and computer software are becoming part of the media’s diet revolution. Since these celebrity icons and famous personalities provide public attraction to the regimen being endorsed, the media has been utilizing these in order to gain their consumer’s trust. With a few positive role models for fat people, and stress on an increasingly thin ideal female body shape, it is understandable that a number of researchers have been concerned to establish links between media portrayals, diet regimen itself, and eating disorders. The results have obtained out of these studies, and show that such influence really exists, or at least symbiotically related to body shape ideals that circulate in the culture (Seale, 2002 p.193). The media now carries a wealth of messages that reinforce thinness. Another study found that media exposure has been directly and indirectly linked to occurrence of signs and symptoms of various eating disorders, internalization of ideal-body stereotypes, and gender-role endorsement (Perse, 2001 p.183). Another study enforces that these medias utilized in the United States induces dissatisfaction with body shape; hence, providing motivational reason for these individuals to engage in such king of diet routine (Seale, 2002 p.193). Conclusion In the end of the statement, it has been proved that media plays a significant role that affects motivation, indulgence, and interest of these diet regimens. Such fad has been induced by media long before history can tell, and as the media evolves, it continues to produce another varying image that conforms to what society prefers according to the advertisements placed by these media. However, the concept of this fad has been linked to various eating disorders, concluding that such influence of media can be either beneficial or destructive. Reference Straight, B. A. (2005). The Two Finger Diet: How the Media Has Duped Women Into Hating Themselves. iUniverse. Seale, C. (2002). Media and Health. Sage Publications Inc. Costin, C. (1999). The Eating Disorder Sourcebook: A Comprehensive Guide to the Causes, Treatments and Preventions of Eating Disorder. McGraw-Hill Professional. Perse, E. M. (2001). Media Effects and Society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

How to Write and Produce a Dissertation

How to Write and Produce a Dissertation Introduction While the course work is an important part of any doctoral program, it is the dissertation that is uniquely you. The topic chosen should be one that interests you, and that represents an area of study that you can use to identify you as one with special expertise in a particular area. Therefore, it is very important to proceed with forethought into the dissertation process. Choose the topic with care. Also be sure to choose your advisors carefully, as they will be your guides and mentors. This guidebook has been designed to provide you with the information you need to successfully complete this process. Read and follow it carefully. You are responsible for understanding and applying its contents. Research Criteria To produce a dissertation of which you and your school can be justly proud, it is essential that your dissertation meet certain quality standards that are generally recognized in graduate education. The following policy statement, by the Council of Graduate Schools, indicates in general terms what is expected. The document (doctoral dissertation) should demonstrate breadth of scholarship, depth of research, and ability to investigate problems independently and efficiently. It (dissertation) must be a significant contribution to scholarship. It should reveal the students ability to analyze, interpret, and synthesize; and demonstrate thorough knowledge of the literature relating to the project More specifically, the faculty of the School of Education has adopted the following criteria indicating that the doctoral research should: Present the relevance of existing theories to the problem. Include an original and unique dimension which builds on cited research. Enable the candidate to enter the national or regional debate. Be sufficiently broad from which to generalize to a larger audience. Acculturate the candidate to differing academic communities. Encourage the continuation of scholarly activity. Reflect the methodology appropriate to the type of research commonly found in dissertations. Dissertation Topic and Committee How do I get started? How is my committee formed? The first steps in producing a dissertation are (1) the selection of a topic (2) the selection and appointment of a research advisor and (3) the selection and appointment of a research committee to provide advisement throughout the process. Dissertation Topic Early in your doctoral studies, you should be thinking about research topics that interest you. Keep a notebook of ideas as they come to you. As you read for your various classes, add to or delete from your notebook of ideas. Talk informally with your professors. Find out their interests. Discuss- ing your ideas for potential dissertation topics with several faculty members helps you in selecting your topic and in choosing a committee. As your ideas about topics and committee members crystallize, you will want to discuss them with your adviser  and department chair. The topic you eventually select must be a topic useful to you and a topic of interest to a faculty member willing to serve as your advisor. Final selection of your topic will not occur until your coursework is nearly completed. You will need to consider such factors as the relationship of  your topic to your field of specialized study. Select a topic related to an area of academic strength in which you can conduct research responsibly. Finally, be sure that adequate La Sierra University resources are available for the support of the research, such as faculty guidance, library holdings (or access to relevant documents), and laboratory facilities. The Research Advisor The dissertation committee chair is the first member of the committee selected. The responsibility for  assigning a chair ultimately rests  with the dean, but you have the initial responsibility to find a chair  that is willing to work with you and is interested in your topic. This  chair must be a faculty member within  the School of Education and is usually an individual in your major department. Because it is important to have a chair who has an interest in your  proposed topic, you should have a  chair assigned before you enroll in  the final research methods class, EDRS  704. Finally, make your formal request for the  assignment of the chair to the dean. Dissertation Committee Your dissertation committee must contain at  least three members. The membership shall consist of a chair, one additional faculty  member from within the School of  Education, and one faculty member that may be within the larger La Sierra University faculty, or possibly a faculty member in  a different University. Approach potential committee members directly asking about their relationship to  your possible topic and whether they would have an interest in serving on  your committee. When you have agree- ment from all your potential committee members, be sure to report back to the dean for  final assignment of your committee. The chair carries the primary responsibility for guiding you through your dissertation and is the person  with whom you work most closely. An  easy, working relationship with your  committee chair is most important. The responsibilities of the chair are to: (1) provide guidance for the disserta- tion proposal and act as chairperson  during the committee meetings, (2) supervise completion of the disserta- tion, and (3) act as chairperson of  the final oral defense. The responsibilities of the committee members are to: (1) provide additional advisement to the student and/or act as a chairperson in the absence of the chairperson, (2) serve on a committee to read the dissertation proposal and participate during consideration of the proposal, and (3) serve on a committee to read the dissertation and participate during the final oral defense. In addition to the three (or more)  committee members, each dissertation The Proposal What is the proper format for a proposal? What are the steps in getting a proposal approved? The proposal serves as a contract between the student and the dissertation committee that, when approved by all parties, constitutes an agreement that data may be collected and the study may be completed. As long as the student follows the steps outlined in the proposal, committee members should be discouraged from demanding significant changes to the study after the proposal has been approved. Naturally, it is not uncommon to expect small changes, additions or deletions, because one can never envision the unpredictable turns that studies can take. The dissertation proposal is designed to show the purpose and organization of your research. The proposal gives your committee enough information to determine whether the topic your are investigat- ing and the procedures you will be using will be appropriate. Proposal Development The Research Methods Class, EDRS  704a or 704b, is designed to help you understand the process of writing a  formal research proposal and, hopefully, in the class you will have  completed or nearly completed the  research proposal. Regardless, this class will be a valuable resource,  although final proposal approval is a responsibility of your committee. Proposal Format and Content In both the proposal and the dissertation you are   to follow the latest edition of The School of Educa- tion Doctoral Dissertation Handbook and the American Psychological Association Publication Manual, 5th edition. Unless otherwise indicated by your committee, your proposal will generally consist of the follow- ing chapters and sections: Chapter 1 Purpose and Organization Introduction and background of the study Statement of the problem Purpose of the study/significance of study Theoretical foundation Research questions and null hypotheses Limitations and delimitations Definition of Terms Summary and outline of the remainder of the proposal Chapter 2 Review of Related Material Include an overview and description of represen- tative literature that supports the methodology used in the research. For certain types of research (such as statistical or clinical studies) this may require a brief description of procedures and instrumentation of previous studies. This review is not expected to be as extensive as the completed Chapter 2 in the final dissertation. A typical outline for this chapter is as follows: Summaries and critiques of previous studies Analysis of theories which bear on the studies Unresolved Issues, significant  problems or questions requiring further study. Evidence that the specific study proposed arises out of needs demonstrated in this chapter and that the proposed study could fill in gaps or add to substantive or theoreti- cal understanding Summary Chapter 3 Research Methodology Listed below are the most common sections to be included in this chapter. For some studies such as historical, philosophical, or  developmental studies, other items would be proper. Introduction Population and sample Description of instrument(s) Research procedures and time period of the study Analytical procedures to be used to attain the objectives, test the hypotheses, or respond to the research questions of the study Summary Preparation of Your Proposal You must prepare your proposal in a logical, polished form. Your committee judges your fitness to conduct research on your topic based on the quality of the proposal. If you have any problems with the English language, we advise you to employ the services of  an editorial assistant who can aid you in presenting to your committee polished prose in approved format and style. Your committee is not respon- sible to be your editor or writer. As a researcher, these responsibilities are yours. Committee Involvement During the preparation of your proposal you have opportunity to establish a working relationship with your committee chair. First submit all drafts to your committee  chair for evaluation and comment. After your committee chair has given approval, share the draft with the  other members of your committee. You must maintain this approach throughout the writing of the dissertation. When both your committee chair and the members of your committee have had opportunity to evaluate your proposal, request your committee chair to call your committee for formal consider- ation of your proposal. For this meeting, you must furnish one copy of your dissertation proposal to your committee chair and each committee member. Your committee, in formal face-to-face meeting discusses your proposal and questions you on any parts they believe may need revision. The committee will then discuss whether or not they will give approval to your proposal. They may or may not invite you to remain for this session. Consult with your com- mittee chair. Faculty Research Specialist Each dissertation committee shall receive formal input, in writing, from a faculty research specialist prior to the time of proposal approval. Institutional Research Board (IRB) If you are conducting research involving human subjects as part of your degree program, you must submit a proposal of research to the Institution of Review Board (IRB) for approval. This proposal includes: a general summary of the purpose of the study, a detailed description of the study, the letter of informed consent to be signed by the  subjects or their parents/guardians, and the copies of tests to be administered (if other than well- known standard tests). Detailed guidelines concerning this proposal are available in the office of the chairperson of the IRB. A report from the IRB should be attached to the final approved proposal. 6 Only after approval of your proposal are your  ready to begin collection of the data for the dissertation itself. Dissertation How does my committee function? What is the role of consultants? What are the contents of a dissertation? An excellently produced dissertation will demon- strate your familiarity with the literature pertinent to the topic, demonstrate your competence to conduct independent research and present a logically organized and readable account of the investigation, its findings, conclusions, and impli- cations. It should focus on a clearly defined  problem of strong importance to the profession and employ well planned and executed acceptable research techniques. Working with the Committee The chair of your dissertation committee carries the primary responsibility for guiding the disserta- tion and holds the prerogative of deciding when draft copy is or is not ready for examination by the other members of the committee. The preferred method of dissertation development in the School of Education is chapter-by-chapter submission to the committee, however, the committee chair has the privilege of choosing another procedure with the consent of the committee. When your committee chair has cleared a  chapter or section, prepare copies to present to the other members of your committee. After receiving their response, move on to the next chapter or section. It is well not to begin a new chapter for your dissertation until you resolve all questions on the previous chapter. If you have not heard from your committee members within a reasonable period, consult with your committee chair. In qualitative research, questions will continue to surface until the end of the study. Therefore, work  on several chapters may proceed simultaneously. Plan to pace your submissions to your committee  chair and members. Professors should be given opportunity to read you material thoughtfully. Plan on approximately two weeks time. Do not  expect committee members to respond to your time schedule. Working with Consultants It is possible that you may wish or need to  consult with individuals with special expertise such as statisticians or editors. Use such consultants discriminatingly to assist in developing your own understanding of and ability to communicate the various dimensions of the study. Arrangement of Contents Every dissertation consists of three parts: prelimi- nary pages, text, and reference materials. In addition, it must have an abstract. All the pages of these parts occur in a certain order and are counted and/or numbered according to specific rules. The following outlines incorporate a step by step excursion through the skeleton of the dissertation. Not every dissertation will need every heading. Some dissertations, on the other hand, may need  to add headings not mentioned here or subdivide some of these. Keep in mind there is no standard outline all dissertations are required to follow, however, this is a suggested guideline. It must be understood that this outline may not be suffi- ciently comprehensive to fit all studies and that modifications, deletions, or additions may be made  as needed. Quantitative Dissertation The following items are normally in a quantita- tive dissertation. The items to include and the location of the items within sections may vary. For more detailed descriptions regarding each section, refer to published guide books to a doctoral dissertation. Front Matter Title page Abstract Acknowledgments (optional) Dedication (optional) Table of contents List of tables, figures and illustration Chapter 1 Purpose and Organization Introduction and background of the study Statement of the problem Purpose of the study/significance of study Theoretical foundation Research questions and null hypotheses Limitations and delimitations Assumptions and definition of terms Organization of the document Chapter 2 Review of Related Material Introduction Summaries and critiques of previous studies Analysis of theories which bear on the studies Unresolved issues, significant problems and  unanswered questions requiring study Evidence that the specific study proposed arises out of needs demonstrated in this chapter and that the proposed study could fill in gaps or add to substantive or theoreti- cal understanding Summary Chapter 3 Research Methodology Introduction Population and sample Description of instrument(s) Research procedures and time period of the study How the data are to be analyzed to attain the objectives, test the hypotheses, or respond to the research questions of the study Chapter 4 Results (or Findings) of the Analysis of Data Introduction Results (of findings) regarding the first hy- pothesis, or question being investigated   Results of findings regarding the second (and others in sequence) Results regarding interactions, if any, among the hypotheses or research questions  Results and findings on matters not planned as  part of the study but which were uncovered in the investigation course and which are relevant Summary Chapter 5 Conclusions, Implications and Recommendations Introduction Conclusions drawn regarding the hypotheses, or research questions as stated in Chapter 1 (Each is dealt with as a topic separately. If  there are interactions among some or all of the objectives, hypotheses, or research questions, those interactions are treated as separate topics.) Summary Recommendations for further studies and programmatic recommendations End Matter Reference and notes Appendices Qualitative Dissertation Qualitative dissertations are field focused and therefore allow the researcher to approach writing the dissertation with flexibility in format. For more detailed descriptions regarding each section, refer to published guidebooks to a doctoral dissertation. Front Matter Title page Abstract Acknowledgments (optional) Dedication (optional) Table of contents List of tables, figures and illustration Chapter 1 Introduction Background, history and/or theoretical orientation of the study Purpose of the study Description of the site Questions in the study Importance of the study Chapter 2 Review of the Literature Analysis of previous related studies Analysis of related theoretical literature Relationship of the literature to the current  study Chapter 3 Methodology Description of the study Research design (The research design will be planned in cooperation with the doctoral committee.) Analysis Chapters 4+ Presentation of the Findings These chapters will present the findings in a  manner appropriate to a given study. There may be one or several chapters needed to present the study. Arguments will be well formed, insightful and grounded in the  study. Theoretical arguments will be formed from the data and presented in a coherent  and informative manner. Final Chapter Conclusion This chapter will present the conclusions drawn from the study, relate the findings to broader theoretical issues, critique the precess used, and describe implications which could affect other similar sites. End Matter Reference and notes Appendices Form and Style What are the typing rules for my dissertation? Who is the final authority on form and style? What kind of paper do I use? The School of Education Doctoral  Dissertation Handbook must be used in conjunction with the American Psycho- logical Association Publication  Manual, 5th edition. Where there are  discrepancies between the APA publica- tion manual and The School of Education Handbook, the doctoral disserta- tion handbook is to be followed. Production Dissertations shall be produced by a word processor. All dissertations are to be printed in black ink, using standard 10-12 point fonts, and using only one side of the page. Text must be clean, straight, and dark enough to be read and duplicated easily. Final copies must be laserprinted. Paper All copies shall be produced on standard size 8-1/2 x 11 paper. For draft copies, use white bond of at least 20 pound weight. Final copies shall be run on high quality paper; 20 pound bond with at least 25 percent rag content. To insure longer shelf life, use an acid-free paper with a minimum of 2% alkaline reserve. Margins The left-hand margin must be 1 1/2 inches and all other margins must be a full 1 inch. The initial page of a chapter or a major section (i.e., table of  contents, references, etc.) has a 2-inch margin at the top of the page. Absolutely nothing may be outside of these margins, except for the page  number. Do not use right or full justification. Page Numbering Preliminary pages Preliminary pages that precede the main text are numbered with lower case Roman numerals. The  title page is not numbered but is  considered as the first page. If you  elect to register a copyright, enclose a copyright page, but do not number it or include it in the pagination sequence. Subsequent numerals are centered 3/4 inch from the bottom edge of the paper. Main text All pages are numbered at the top, 1 inch from the right margin, above the  text. The first page of the disserta- tion text is page 1. All pages must be numbered consecutively. To keep their location and size uniform throughout the disserta- tion, page numbers are added after reducing tables or figures.

Explication of Diane Thiels The Minefield :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diane Thiel’s poem â€Å"The Minefield† is about a man who’s mind has been ravaged by memories of a war in his childhood. She shows that even though the war had been over for years, the memory of it haunted the man in everything that he did. Through a powerful combination of symbols, dark images, and a split chronology, she creates a full picture of a life changed forever by war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first stanza, the tone is lighter, describing a scene where two boys are running through towns. The boys race, the faster one being described as a â€Å"wild rabbit†. This stanza feels dream like, the organization of thought is loose, and word choice seems almost erratic, almost unrehearsed. The first stanza ends with a twist. The faster boy is killed by a mine and his friend, just seconds behind, witnesses the whole thing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second stanza is only two lines, â€Å"My father told us this, one night,/and then continued eating dinner.† This stanza breaks up the chronology of the poem, pushing the previous stanza into the past, and making it disjointed, almost like another poem in itself. The result of the father continuing eating after he tells the story shows how dead he is inside, the recalling of the story no longer affecting him in the same way it does the reader and his own family. It is implied that he is the only one able to eat after telling the story. This short stanza foreshadows the father’s personality change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the third stanza, the language becomes much darker, words like: anger, explode, and against make this stanza seem even more warlike than the first stanza.

Capitalism vs. Art :: Sociology Sociological Essays

Capitalism vs. Art Works Cited Missing When an unpopular Irish playwright for the British stage said that art imitates life, no one really cared. Farquhar, a failed-actor-turned writer/director didn't really begin writing his most famous works until he was close to death, but most of his quotable notions and wit were recorded early in his life. He said this particular phrase after he killed a friend of his, and fellow actor by stabbing him with a rapier on the stage after mistaking it for a blunt foil. The late 19th century applies to Farquar's school of thought because it marks the beginning of a three-stage approach to a comparison between capitalism and art. Frederic Jameson describes these stages as realism, modernism, and postmodernism . Each of these three stages is associated with the specific type of capitalism that was popular at that time: realism is associated with market capitalism, modernism with monopoly capitalism, and postmodernism with consumer capitalism. Cornel West, like Jameson, identifies further similarities between capitalist movements and artistic movements in the past century on two levels. On the broader spectrum, West says that civil crisis leads to social change , and that recent social crisis has been the undulating economy. On a narrower spectrum, he discusses the "existential challenge" to the New Politics of Difference, that is, "how does one acquire the resources to survive†¦ as a critic or artist?" (West 617). There is, perhaps, an alternate view that can be considered when approaching a comparison between capitalism and art. Since 1880, a strict equation between economic movement and social change could be formulated, but it does not necessarily hold true for the late 20th century and postmodernism. Postmodernism was affected by economic crisis, but because the United States has not faced economic crisis in two decades, the postmodern movement has suffered greatly. Two of the first realist writers were Honore de Balzac and George Eliot. Balzac's Le Comedie Humaine (1830) "contains none of the baser instincts of man that are glorified in romanticism," (Alter 201). In this 20-year compilation work, Balzac covered many topics, but according to Robert Alter, president of the Association of Literary Scholars and Critics (1997), the most important one is that of social and economic ambition. Eliot's Middlemarch (1871) "viewed human life grimly, with close attention to the squalor and penury of rural life" (Alter 8). Alter says that she is one of the first writers whose work was entirely saturated with pessimism.

Being a successful student is not difficult

Being a successful student is not difficult. Many students are trapped in their busy schedules, but few realize that being a successful student is well within everyone’s capability. The most important factor that comes in is ‘time management. ’ With regular management of time, work does not pile up, leaving more time for the student to pay attention to his/her studies rather than worry about meeting deadlines. Time management also creates an organized and well-thought-out work and study environment, encouraging the student to gain more knowledge.Mismanaged time can be devastating. It may sound exaggerated, but for a student, each minute is important. With work piling up, many begin getting worried, and it gets harder for them to work efficiently, and to their level best. With deadlines to meet, many also give in shabby and mediocre work, which eventually costs them their grades. Mediocre work has its own implications. Overall, a student’s self-esteem takes a nose dive. The cycle goes on.On the contrary, a student who does his/her work on time, with attention gets encouraged, and gets more determined to prove him/herself even better next time. Being a successful student also has a lot to do with presence of mind. Many students remain absent-minded during lectures. This results in poor understanding of the subject, and waste of time. Along with paying attention, one also needs to retain the knowledge gained. In order to do this students ought to note down things.Important points jotted down during lectures are often helpful. Students also need to read from other guide books and reference books in order to enhance their understanding of a subject. This results in through in-depth analysis. Students should also make time to study. Studying again, should be done in a most organized manner, with a deep understanding of the topic. Last but definitely not the least is the desire to be successful. Students who are motivated are always successf ul, no matter what hurdles stand in their path.

Strengths and Weakness

By conducting such a preliminary assessment, teams will be In a better position to instruct the most efficient and satisfying strategy for fulfilling the team's purpose. Answer the following questions with typed responses. Each question below contains multiple subtopics. Each question, Including all subtopics, should be answered In 25-50 words. 1. What are the academic goals of each team member? What are the career goals of each team member? How do the academic goals of other members relate to their career goals? My (Tina) academic goals are to become an accountant.My goals are to get through school with a degree. I am thinking of trying to work for the government, so I can get the schooling paid for. Have good benefits and so on. My current job keeps me very motivated and the money will not be a bad thing. 2. What are the strengths of each member of the team? How have these strengths been demonstrated in the past (at work, at home, or in college)? How have each team members' strengt hs contributed to the overall success of the team in accomplishing team objectives and projects. At home, my goals are to get through school and get my degree.So I am dedicated to accomplishing this task by going to the university of Phoenix. At work, I demonstrate customer service, by being on the front-line. Friendly, and compassionate and we all work towards customer satisfaction. At college, I help to get all the group members together and listen and learn. While they do the same to me. Our goal is to do well, and we all do that through trial and error. We all want to accomplish our projects on time and planned out nicely, and in a timely manner. 3. What are the weaknesses of each member of the team?How have these weaknesses been demonstrated in the past (at work, at home, or in college)? How have the team members worked together to overcome Individual member's weaknesses to help team members and the team become successful? I believe my weakness Is taking charge or being the fac ilitator. I also, have trouble following some of the concepts of the projects assigned. My group helps me out by Glenn me stories of examples that relate to the Ideas of the projects. 4. What are the technology skills of each member of the team regarding operating systems, software, etc?What technology Is available to each team member on systems at home or at work)? How will team members address technology needs to meet the objectives for the team successfully? I am not a guru In the computer Industry, however, I have learned by leaps and bounds lust from doing schoolwork. As, with Word, and Power Point and it has been a do the team goals relate to the individual goals? What quality of academic work are the team members committed to and how will this quality be demonstrated in teamwork when writing papers and preparing for presentations? Strengths and Weakness Crooks is a lively, sharp-witted, black stable-hand, who takes his name from his crooked back. Like most of the characters in the story, he admits that he is extremely lonely. When Lennie visits him in his room, his reaction reveals this fact. At first, he turns Lennie away, hoping to prove a point that if he, as a black man, is not allowed in white men’s houses, then whites are not allowed in his, but his desire for company ultimately wins out and he invites Lennie to sit with him. Like Curley’s wife, Crooks is a disempowered character who turns his vulnerability into a weapon to attack those who are even weaker.He plays a cruel game with Lennie, suggesting to him that George is gone for good. Only when Lennie threatens him with physical violence does he relent. Crooks exhibits the corrosive effects that loneliness can have on a person; his character evokes sympathy as the origins of his cruel behavior are made evident. Perhaps what Crooks wants more than anything else is a sense of belonging—to enjoy simple pleasures such as the right to enter the bunkhouse or to play cards with the other men.This desire would explain why, even though he has reason to doubt George and Lennie’s talk about the farm that they want to own, Crooks cannot help but ask if there might be room for him to come along and hoe in the garden. Candy One of the book’s major themes and several of its dominant symbols revolve around Candy. The old handyman, aging and left with only one hand as the result of an accident, worries that the boss will soon declare him useless and demand that he leave the ranch.Of course, life on the ranch—especially Candy’s dog, once an impressive sheep herder but now toothless, foul-smelling, and brittle with age—supports Candy’s fears. Past accomplishments and current emotional ties matter little, as Carson makes clear when he insists that Candy let him put the dog out of its misery. In such a world, Candy’s dog serves as a harsh reminder of the fate that awaits anyone who outlives his usefulness. For a brief time, however, the dream of living out his days with George and Lennie on their dream farm distracts Candy from this harsh reality.He deems the few acres of land they describe worthy of his hard-earned life’s savings, which testifies to his desperate need to believe in a world kinder than the one in which he lives. Like George, Candy clings to the idea of having the freedom to take up or set aside work as he chooses. So strong is his devotion to this idea that, even after he discovers that Lennie has killed Curley’s wife, he pleads for himself and George to go ahead and buy the farm as planned.

‘Ozymandias’ by Percy Bysshe Shelley Essay

Compare the way the central characters are presented in ‘checking out me history’ by John Agard and ‘Ozymandias’ by Percy Bysshe Shelley. The poems ‘Checking out me History and ‘Ozymandias’ both use a wide range of various language and structure techniques to explore in great detail the central characters as well as their thoughts and feelings. The poem ‘Checking out me history’ uses various structural techniques to present the main character and to show his views, which also explains his frustration about not having a personal identity. In contrast to this, the poem ‘Ozymandias’ uses more linguistic features to describe the deteriorating decline of the statue. In the poem ‘Checking out me history’ the language used in the poem helps to create a clear image to the audience that shows the characters frustration and aggressiveness by using nonstandard English. For example, ‘Dem tell me’ imp lies that no matter how much the character is told about English history, he will continue to rebel against English society to prove how proud he is about his own culture and background by using phonetic spelling. This may help the readers to empathize with his thoughts and feelings. The non – standard English that is used throughout the poem also conveys how the character is representing himself through the language he is using. The almost sarcastic tone he uses to display his lack of interest in British history suggests that believes that black people’s history should be taught just as well as other cultures. Due to this poem not being grammatically correct, the audience are assured that the main character is unhappy with the way he has been taught through English education. The phonetic spelling shows us a rebellious side to the character as he challenges society to balance out histories of many cultures equally. However, In the poem ‘Ozymandias’ the tone created by Percy Bysshe Shelley connotes the idea of past occurrences. It can create the image that power is only temporary, and it is not long before nature takes over. The use of the words ‘frown’ and ‘wrinkled’ suggest the decline of the power that Ozymandias once had, or even ‘believed’ that he had. The use of the language throughout the poem creates a negative effect almost suggesting the significance of Ozymandias has now gone, and all that’s left is a statue. The use of the ‘!’ in the phrase ‘ye mighty,and despair!’ connotes the emphasis in the poem which helps the reader to understand how Ozymandias once expected fear from society or even envy. The poetic device of imagery is a similar comparison between both poems. In Ozymandias, Percy Shelley creates a memorable image of the statue which was once so great. The words ‘half shrunk’ and ‘shatter’d’ create the image of something that now is useless and has no significance what so ever, showing the deterioration of the statue. In addition to this, the way the poet describes ‘Ozymandias’ in such detail reveals how the audience may feel no sympathy towards Ozymandias. ‘Sneer of cold command’ suggests the characters arrogance towards society and his disapproval of the public. In contrast to this, in the poem ‘checking out me history’ the main character speaks very highly of his culture and its past, unlike Ozymandias as throughout audience can understand how Percy Shelley believes it is wrong for society to be in favour and to follow of such a self -obsessed king. The stanzas in the poem ‘Checking out me history’ shows a strong link to imagery as the historical figures from the characters background have a strong effect on the reader. An example of this is when the character talks about someone he feels is inspirational in the 9th stanza. She is described as a ‘healing star’ and a ‘yellow sunrise to the dying’ which connotes how imp ortant this woman was, and how she is worth learning about.

King of the castle tension

â€Å"I'm the King of the Castle†: Literature Coursework Investigate the ways in which Susan Hill uses language to create tension and a sense of foreboding in â€Å"I'm the King of the Castle† Susan Hill implements several writing techniques to create tension in the novel. Tension in this sense simply means mental strain or excitement in the readers. One of the techniques used is shown when she uses a third-person narration to narrate the story. This narrator is omniscient and implies that he/ she is not one of the characters in the novel, and yet at the same time knows everything that is running through the characters' minds.Hill uses this technique to bring the readers on a journey of moving freely in time and space to allow them to know what any character is doing or thinking at any one point of time. This is only possible because the narrator is not a character in the novel and is allowed to be anywhere, anytime. Susan Hill uses many different techniques to put a po int across, the most important being her use of imagery. However her writing also has many other qualities such as good structure and her ability to think like her characters.In addition she manages to build up tension and uses different ways of emphasising words or phrases. All of hese factors contribute to her unique evocative style and add to her reputation of being a very talented writer. In chapter eleven, she describes vividly how Kingshaw feels sick with fright when Hooper locks him in the shed. â€Å"He retched, and then began to vomit, all over the sacks, the sick coming down his nose and choking him. It tasted bitter. He bent forwards, holding his stomach. When it finished he wiped his mouth on the sleeve of his shirt.He was shivering again. † This passage is an example of her excellent use of imagery. She conjures up a picture of the scene as well as expressing Kingshaw's fears and senses in an evocative style y using a scene that we can all relate to and understan d. An example of Susan Hill's good structure is at the very beginning of the novel, when Hooper and Kingshaw first meet, Hooper sends Kingshaw a note saying ‘l didn't want you to come here'. This sets up the story line from the beginning, leading us to expect events to come.Then at the very end of the novel before Kingshaw commits suicide, Hopper sends him a final note saying ‘ Something will happen to you Kingshaw'. She shows the ability to be able to think like a child, which adds to the overall affect of the book because the main character is Kingshaw who is a child. This process of her thoughts gives us a wider understanding of Kingshaw's character and his One of them is her use of childish language and grammar. â€Å"Now, he thought, I know what Hooper is really like. He's a baby. And stupid. And a bully. Notice in this particular phrase that she uses childish words like baby, stupid and bully. The use of short abrupt sentences emphasise the words and adds to the c hildish theme, because it is grammatically incorrect to start a sentence with a conjunction, which is what a child may do). Another form of her childish thinking is how she shows an understanding of hildren's fears and their reactions. An example of this is Kingshaw's fear of moths. † ‘There are a lot of moths,' Hooper said softly, ‘ there always are, in woods. Pretty big ones, as well. ‘ Kingshaw's stomach clenched.In his nostrils, he could smell the mustiness of the Red Room. † This passage shows how Hooper taunts Kingshaw with his fear (childishly). She shows Kingshaw's reaction to his fear by saying his stomach clenched. She then continues with his memory of the Red Room, where he had been scared by the death moths, using her evocative style to describe how he associates moths with the musty mell of the Red Room. She uses the example of moths throughout the book, along with Kingshaw's other fears such as birds. To keep the reader alert Susan Hill te nded to change from one scene to another very abruptly.A Classic example is in chapter sixteen, when every one was in the Breakfast room on the day of Mrs. Helena Kingshaw and Mr. Hooper's wedding announcement. Suddenly the scene changes to them being in a muddy field. This can be quite confusing for the reader but it does keep them alert. It was also in this scene where Susan Hill showed her ability to build up tension. This was done by Kingshaw expressing his fears about something that we do not know about, and Mrs. Helena Kingshaw talking about how he was scared by this thing when he was little.As the passage continues the writer gives us a clue that the unknown fear is of a certain place and finally (after a page of writing) she tells us that the place in question is a circus. Susan Hill uses many different techniques to build up an atmosphere. In my opinion the most effective atmosphere that she created was in chapters twelve and thirteen, when Hooper falls off the castle wall. When Kingshaw reaches the top of the castle (without Hooper) he feels a sense of ower. He shouts out understand how Kingshaw really does feel King, she repeats the phrase ‘l am the King' thrice.He felt so powerful that he thought he could kill Hooper. When Kingshaw is in a rage with Hopper, telling him to come down, he swears at him, this shocks the reader, as he is only a child. When Hooper is falling off the castle wall Kingshaw commands ‘TAKE YOUR HANDS OFF THE WALL, HOOPER. ‘ The use of capital letter creates the effect that what he is saying is important. When Hooper falls and is carried off on a stretcher, thunder rumbles in the back ground which gives the ironic ffect that it is not going to be a good thing for Kingshaw.Kingshaw is then made to get down from the castle, which can be classed as an example of his life. Every time he reaches the top he is always forced to go back down which is, once again, ironic. The whole book gives an immense sense of tensi on to the reader. The atmosphere is one of suspense and danger. The overall use of abrupt, simple dialogue accentuates the feeling of incoming peril. Susan Hill writes the novel in a way which causes the reader to constantly be alert, and to expect the sinister and foreboding to occur. Arsalan Abdullah

Total quality management in apple

Contents Introduction Total quality management is globally recognized system to review and control the overall quality of any organization. It can also be called as a philosophy which supports the quality management procedure of organizations including such benefits as improving overall customer satisfaction, enhancing employee motivation, reducing wastage of resources, developing the service and product quality and maintain a growing performance of the organization.TTS generally is considered as a problem solving technique that specially focuses on the continuous improvement of the laity of product and service provided by a certain company. In this approach the management and employee can work together for the overall improvement by using quality and management tool aimed at increasing business and reducing losses in the extended track.Several key concepts that are the basis often are such as customer's requirements define the quality, quality improvement is a direct obligation to t he top management, systematic analysis and development of work process brings the result of enhanced quality, the effort is somewhat incessant in nature and is lead all the way through the organization. Functions of TTS There are several tasks that are maintained worldwide to proper manage the TTS process.The following functions are mentionable of them all- Promise of employees and management Gratifying consumer predilections Bargain of development time Just In time production and manufacturing Lessening of product and service cost Expedite system development Possession of line management Employee involvement and empowerment Benchmarking and stimulating goals Upgrading plans Incorporation of strategic planning Company summary Apple Inc. Is basically an American multinational corporation which designs, develops ND sells consumer electronics and software.It is recognized as world's second largest electronics company considering the revenue earned. The company was established on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Waking and Ronald Wayne. This company belongs to computer hardware, computer software, consumer electronics and digital distribution industry. Nowadays there are 408 retail stores for Apple and the overall functions of TTS is maintained by the following workers- Display Calibration & Instrumentation Engineer Mechanical Design Engineer Program Manager Video Code Architect Regulatory RFC Systems EngineerHardware Systems Engineer Java Software Architect Data Analyst Firmware / SW Engineering Program Manager Engineering Project Manager Quality Assurance Engineer Facilities Manager Visual Designer Market Researcher These are Just a few of the total recruits who manage the TTS. There are many more who maintain the system to serve the consumers. Reasons for adopting TTS for Apple Apple already has created great customer loyalty over the years. But there is an obligation of holding the position that they tend to possess.The direct reasons why Apple should adopt TTS to their system is even clear. The following improvements re obvious in case- Defining the weaknesses: Apple lacks the variation in product that is very much important in this era of business. This is Just a simple weakness that can be pointed out very easily. But several weaknesses are such that cannot be assessed or controlled. TTS would be of great use in defining that feebleness at instance. Identify priorities and actions: Information regarding the cores that are to be performed by the employees is very much important.There is a function of TTS that emphasizes on the information system. The collected information would help Apple to direct their concentration awards important functions. TTS keeps track of data related to importance of any job which is a helping hand to prioritize the things that are to be performed first by the company employees. Selection of proper actions regarding the object is also is a feature of TTS. Development of communication system: TTS emphasizes on the overall communication system which ultimately results in an efficient communication model.The supervisors and subordinates are allocated with authority to control their workers. Whereas Apple is considered as a large company, distribution of responsibility and authority is necessary to improve the company reference. Direct comprehension: The use of TTS would serve uninterrupted insight into the company and personnel data by eradicating the barriers between staff areas and maintaining supportable relationship with acquaintances. This type of initiative is always helpful to companies like Apple which is bound to remain updated about their current situation.Perfection of productivity and competence: Keeping track of the overall production cost and controlling the material costs is one important function of TTS. Well produced products generally help to increase the demand of the total service as well as product. This opens the opportunity to produce more and leads to lower averag e cost of production facility. On the other hand, consumer loyalty increases over time and helps to gain efficiency over production. Though Apple has a huge production capacity at present, it can be utilized better with the help of TTS and enhance customer loyalty.Adoption of quality driven strategy: Whereas every other company is trying to snatch the overall market share from Apple in various segments, it is time for Apple to gain competitive advantage based on quality products. TTS development would certainly result in higher customer distraction and serve as a competitive edge over the competitors. Proper stuff management: In the context of Apple, TTS will help the company staffs to work more vigorously to accomplish the consistent actions related to the explicit objectives of the organization as the process eliminates the measure that obstructs the devotion of personnel.Total Quality Management principles of Apple Apple has accepted the importance of TTS long ago. But there is a lways difference in the application of TTS in different organizations. There are certain philosophies obtained by Apple Inc. ND employees oblige by these principles if any confusion appears in making quality related decisions. The principles are as stated- There is no obligation to hold the current quality management procedure if adoption of new procedure bring about good to the company. Adoption of new technique should be subject to reducing overall cost or enhance value of product or service.The TTS procedure must support the concept of relentless improvement. Training is essential to develop the performance of the employees and necessary measures to train employees are type of investment. Friendly working environment is directly elated to employee service quality and ensure settlement of non-performance related problems. Authority is not certain to be held by the top level management. Rather, apt allocation of power inclines to lessen the workload as well as improves the overall speed of work.Cross-functional effort is deliberated as the most apposite solution to reduce quality erosion. There is compulsion to improve planning, enhance production capability and serve on a constant basis. Every eligible employee is a suggestion provider in Apple Inc. And has right to speak about problems in any system that needs to be persisted. Moreover, the solutions given by other employees have importance to the top management all together. Integration between suppliers and organization is equally important as serving the customers according to their needs.Apple ensures the integration through contractual relationship. Application of Total Quality Management Principles in Apple Total quality management mainly a method which continuously concentrate on the development of quality of all the separations of a company with a view to providing quality service to the clients beyond their potentials. It enlarges its functionality from upper to lowest level of a firm. To make a fr uitful total quality management a company must have expert employees who can make qualitative decisions in any situations.The total quality management principles can be greatly applied to Apple Corporation in different conditions. They are given below- Customer centric approach The main purpose of a business is to manufacture goods & services for the customers. Whatever Apple does like appointing expert employees, installing high- tech machines for production, or incorporating technologies for high quality management; if the ultimate customers do not like the products or services all approaches will be failed. So the main strategy of Apple is that it develops all its plans keeping customers in highest priority.For example- Apple does not compromise with quality It has strong supplier partnership It has strong customer driven strategy It also maintains good customer relationship for future marketing. Employee involvement In Apple all employees should work to achieve the ultimate goal of the organization. It is strictly maintained by Apple to motivate the employees and to bring out what it needs from employees. Apple has a reputation for appointing talented pools in its employee lists. After Job's return Apple has concentrated on employee's best performance.For this they developed Apple fellow program, awarding the employees who made extraordinary contribution to the organizational growth. Active participation of stuffs can be achieved by making more workspace for the employees. Apple has followed some rules for employee involvement. They are- Apple develops employees with training It also has suggestion arrangement It measures the performance It offers employee acknowledgment It develops exceptional group Process approach Process approach is the initial part of the TTS process.Process can be explained as converting raw materials & raw suppliers into processed items or final items that can be delivered to the customers. All parts of production need expertise to complete the process properly. In Apple, processing of resources is important to accomplish a project efficiently & effectively. Apple managers are very proactive decision makers about the needs & wants of the customers. As a result it is helpful for them to the path of continuous improvement in the company. So apple takes some initiatives to accomplish the project perfectly.Apple develops well-informed staffs for processing parts Apple builds proactive decision making process It always measures the performance of the employees After measuring it monitors constantly the overall works process of the organization. Integrated system Every business has its own functionality to perform which divide into different department. These functionalities are interrelated with various sources or horizontal processes which help to increase the continuous business improvement process. So every employee should have the knowledge of the company's policies, standard, procedure, objectives etc.In Apple it is strictly maintained by the staffs to be aware f their goals & vision. Without having all sorts of knowledge about their work they cannot be dedicated to their work. Mainly Apple is famous for its strictly enforcing accountability. Each project of their company has a directly responsible individual. So apple tries to maintain integration through some strict rules & regulation. As integration increases more, the type of competitive advantage also increases. Small processes add with larger process and it makes an integrated process.So every employee in the apple should understand the overall mission of the company as well s the quality process to develop a successful project. Suppose if Apple maintains continuous monitoring process for continuous improvement then it integration of employees can be achieved. Apple has its own business culture & environment. If the integrated approach integrates all the elements of TTS then Apple can achieve the continuous improvement process with an effort that exceeds the customer expectation. Strategic & systematic approach Strategic & systematic part of the TTS is one of the most critical parts of TTS.The main element of this process is to continuously improving the functionality of the many. Accepting quality control as the main element of any business can be the core success of any kind of business. So Apple must adopt systematic plan or approach to reach the ultimate goal of the corporation. After analyzing the overall working process of Apple, it can be said that it has a strong systematic plan to reach its goal. Moreover realizing, understanding, & managing the business objective can be effective for systematic approach.All this activities create an integrated process which contributes the effectiveness & efficiency of the company. Apple has following methods for strategic approach- Apple advances tactical development It Interrelates all the elements of business method of the company Fact-based decision making In an y organization, performance measurement plays an important role for having a clear idea about the current improvement of the company. For effective TTS a company must collect information & evaluate them perfectly to have a clear understanding of the performance measurement, making effective decision & forecast.But every decision must be develop according to the situation & statistical analysis. Any kind of emotional based decision should be evaded. In Apple monitoring & evaluation of performance is strictly maintained. Suppose if Apple wants apply fact based decision making process for continuous improvement then the corporation has to measure the performance effectively & efficiently in every phase of projects. Apple should maintain statistical control method Team focused on problem solving can be another solution for fact based decision making process.Continual improvement Continual improvement is the basic aspects of total quality management. A continuous improvement process help s to continuously thinking about creative & innovative ideas for any kind of projects which eventually help to grow more competitive advantage against other competitors. In Apple if the managers follow the step by step solution of any problem rather than focusing or making rebellion on any specific site, it would be better to continuously improve on that sector. And from top to bottom level all the employees should be motivated to gain the ultimate craving result.In summary Apple can follow the following rules for improvement- Apple can systematically measures the performance of any project It can develop active cooperation It can also accomplish cross functional process Communication Communication is one of the important parts often because it develops the motivational stimulus during the daily operational activities. In Apple after analyzing the working process we can say that the manager continuously involve employees in operational activities for better communication. It also gi ves them the feel of empowerment in the organization which is very helpful. It creates unity among the Apple's employees.And it is the leading criteria for the ultimate success of the organization. So it is true that a communication process in apple leads to better quality improvement of the company. Evaluation of Apple's TTS on the basis of philosophies TTS generally is done through different approaches by different companies. But few techniques have been stated by specialists which ensure success to some extent if applied carefully. Amongst those techniques the popular ones are- Six sigma procedure Deeming 14 principles Concept of continuous improvement Six Sigma procedure Six sigma is a measurement of quality in an organization which is near to perfection.Six sigma is a disciplined data driven process which eliminate any kind of errors or defects in an organization or any process, from manufacturing to transaction & to reduce and service. The I-J department of trade & industry sa ys- ‘Six sigma is a data driven method for achieving near perfect quality. Six sigma can focuses on any elements of product or services and has strong emphasis on statistical in design, manufacturing & customer oriented activities. ‘ None 2005) Both six sigma & total quality management have one common aspects and that is continuous improvement of the organization.While total quality management works for different departments in an organization, the six sigma has the capability of delivering even sharper result than the TTS. Six sigma DYNAMIC process elements D- define opportunity M- measure performance A- analysis opportunity l- improvement performance C- control performance Figure: Six sigma Six sigma in Apple Inc. Six sigma is mainly based on pre-planned project charter that mainly forms the basic scale of the project, financial budget of the project, benefits of the project etc. A company which follows the total quality management system may not be aware of the financ ial gains in the future.But company uses six sigma which based on MIMIC can be helpful for making measurement, identifying problems & providing exact solution at the right time. Apple is a corporation where it is very important to have continuous innovation of new products with hi-tech technology, upgrade features etc. In this situation it very challenging for them to continuously innovating new features products. Application of six sigma may helpful for Apple organization to measure what improvement they are making & what will be the consequences after marketing the product to the market.Six sigma basically give us a core road map for understanding the improvement process of an organization. Applying six sigma in Apple can have following benefits: 1. Leadership commitment: Six sigma plays an important role in deployment cycle. In Apple managers can apply Six Sigma for leadership commitment. Managers of Apple can arrange training program to leaders of the organization through the pr inciples and tools to develop their managerial infrastructure. The main advantage of this training program is that it will reduce the managerial hierarchy & procedural barriers of Apple Inc. 2.Customer focus : In six sigma organizational work process is developed in such a way that organization will have close communication with all the customers, suppliers, vendors, internal & external parties etc. After applying this theory Apple will be able to eliminate the scope of defects from the organization. 3. Strategic deployment: Six sigma mainly concentrate on the organizational principals like right people, right customers, project, tools, improvement tools etc. That are relate to bottom line principles. In Apple organization strategic deployment can be applied to achieve the bottom line success. 4.Integrated infrastructure: In this process the leadership team explains & reviews the overall process of the organization. So Apple may use this approach to remove barriers. The leaders of A pple Inc. 5. Disciplined framework: Six sigma follows the roadman of measure, analysis, improve & control. This disciplined framework helps to build up a clear communication way for the members of the organization. In Apple six sigma outlines can play a vital role for the development of communication process between internal & external elements. This disciplined element helps to build up continuous improvement in Apple Inc. 6.Education & training: Six sigma believes that true success can be attained by true understanding in the firm. So Six sigma uses its superiority & gears to transform the real problem to a real solution. In Apple, managers can try to maintain this superiority & gears to transform the practical problem into practical solution. Eight steps to build successful Six Sigma in Apple 1. Burning platform & shared vision First of all for applying six sigma Apple's needs to identify the burning platform like Apple is suffering from huge quality loses & it reasons 45% of the ir cost or Apple's competitors are gaining market share of every quarter by 12%.Without having these types of burning problem Apple won't be going for any six sigma solution. Finally, Apple's need to take act to achieve their vision; it safeguards that they gain credibility and strong provision from leadership. Leadership patrons safeguard will meet Apple's vision, thereby reaching superiority. 2. Resources The main core of this part is that do not hesitate to hire right resources for the right place or people. It is true that resources alone cannot bring success in Apple. It should deploy them as a team & this team will work as a change agent.It is also necessary that the team will carry out the resources and make a success by using them. Apple's need to take care of their resources both in terms of pays and also the source appropriate and obligation to applying the common vision. 3. Teach For six sigma the success can be achieved by teaching the employees. Apple needs to teach or give training the team for successful & powerful change agent. This can be achieved by assuring that the team is 100% trained & well performed their duties at the right time. 4.Arrange As Apple has gathered resources, well rained team then the next part is to make the people aware from the top level of the firm to the bottom level. For this Apple needs to learn what to manage and where to take threat, and the query here is how good Apple's service is in terms of risk modification and anticipation organization in terms of meeting the key anticipation of organization's objectives. 5. Ownership With ownership we can understand pride & power. Here Apple can make integrity by assuring team accountability, engagement & commitment.The key for success relies on these rules of accountability, engagement & commitment. 6. Measurement Creating a proper measurement system may ensure proper baseline. To achieve a targeted goal, Apple must have a measurement system. The key for measurement is to g et the cost for quality right. But having lots of measures on Apple's record may shift devotion away from the serious few. So they need to classify and amount the key important pointers instead of evaluating the many cover pointers. 7. Governance The key to success of any project can be attained by proper governance.Improper governance may lead to destruction of the project. So Apple can create a business quality council at the upper level of the group can level and clear all hurdles; this would generate interaction and also clear ways for following to timeliness. Proper governance would create best practices in the organization. . Recognition Reward or recognition plays an important role in the organization which creates energy in the team for their effort & also motivates them for further work. Proper recognition in Apple can create excellence in the performance & also create consistency.Deeming 14 principles The statistician Dry. W. Edwards Deeming stated the model of 14 principl es which basically explained the philosophies and development procedure through total quality management. These principles are certainly capable of maintaining the overall TTS of Apple. Constantly improving product and service: Apple should be planning considering the long term effects of any decision regarding quality management. It would be helpful to predict and prepare for the upcoming challenges in the long run which would have adverse effect on the business.On the other hand, the decisions should be focused on the intention of improving the products and services. Adopting new philosophies: The current philosophies should always be subject to change according to the business requirement. The customer need has to be emphasized mostly as well as the competitive pressure and Apple is aware of it. Avoiding inspection to achieve and ensure quality: Inspection is in fact done at Apple to maintain proper quality. As a result the additional price is paid by the customers at the consume r level. There is no intention to avoid the inspection program at present.But today or tomorrow a better option must be found by Apple to deduct the overall cost of production as the competition is getting more intense nowadays. Using single supplier for any one time: This is not the case always because Apple has contract with different producers to provide raw materials in case of some items. However, most of the materials are supplied from one supplier at a time. This is important to keep a decent and viable relationship with suppliers and encourage them to evaluate Apple based on the quality but not the price.The use of single supplier will ensure the trustworthiness of Apple. Improved planning, production and service constantly: This is one sector where there is no scope of complaining against Apple. The employees are constantly working to improve the development innovative products and please the customers with enhanced service factors. More and more employees are being engaged to cultivate strategic planning for quality control measurements. Training employees to achieve success: Tons of resources are being spent in Apple to train their workers.The promise of highly technical and consistent service urges for the need of trained employees. There are several programs that are in operation to proper train the workers and maintain not only the caliber of employees but also the overall company image. Implementation of leadership: The proper allocation of authority serves as the injection as the cure of many complexities regarding decision making. Apple has been successful to achieve this function to an extent. Driving out fear: Employees should always feel safe from any unexpected behavior from their superiors if any mistake is committed by them.Apple has been successful to create a friendly environment amongst the superiors and subordinates where mistakes are not a subject to direct action. Rather, immediate measures are taken but to solve the mistaken funct ions. Elimination of barriers amongst stuffs: Cross-functional teamwork is the major concern of this philosophy. Apple at large uses this method to best utilize the capability of their workers. It is known to the top management that spiritually pleased employee provides the best possible output for